The New Adaptive Under Frequency Load Shedding Technique in an Automated Distribution Network Considering Demand Response Programs
Abstract
Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) is an important protection scheme to maintain the frequency of a Distribution Network(DN) consisting of Distributed Generations (DGs) exposed to power deficit. The different location and amount of loadcurtailments based on different parameters are acquired from the available literature. In this paper, an optimal adaptive UFLSmethod with the advent of two main modules has been proposed. The proposed method provides a revised Rate of Changeof Load (ROCOFL) index related to bus voltage and load power consumption (ROCOFLpv). Using a wide area measurementsystem, Demand Response (DR) technology aimed at shedding fewer loads is emerging against a background of the smartgrid. In addition, smart appliances can provide a real-time data packet in which frequency, the rate of change of frequency,voltage magnitude and breaker status are measured. The proposed method is implemented in five different load schemesconsidering DR programs. Comparative analyses are illustrated in this paper to assert the efficiency of implementing DRprograms in which cost function and amounts of shedding loads are decreased. The results demonstrate that DR programscannot be used for a big power unbalance in an islanded micro grid. The unintentional delay time imposed by DR and thesmall inertia existing in an islanded distribution network restrict the use of DR programs.References
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shedding and improving voltage stability. Ain Shams Engineering Journal,
7(1):223–232, 2016.
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the magnitude of the disturbance estimation. IEEE Transactions on
Power Systems, 21(3):1260–1266, 2006.
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the total customer interruption cost in a distribution system. IEE
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systems with distributed generation. In Power Engineering Society
Winter Meeting, 2001. IEEE, volume 2, pages 788–793. IEEE, 2001.
[30] BAO Yu-Qing, LI Yang,WANG Beibei, HU Minqiang, and CHEN Peipei.
Demand response for frequency control of multi-area power system.
Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 5(1):20–29,
2017.
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Siano. A new approach for real time voltage control using demand
response in an automated distribution system. Applied Energy, 117:
157–166, 2014.
response model. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 5(3):720–729,
1990.
[2] Pouya Babahajiani, Hassan Bevrani, and Qobad Shafiee. Intelligent
coordination of demand response and secondary frequency control
in multi-area power systems. In 1st IEEE Conference on New Research
Achievements in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CBCONF),
Tehran, Iran, May, 2016.
[3] Pouya Babahajiani, Qobad Shafiee, and Hassan Bevrani. Intelligent
demand response contribution in frequency control of multi-area power
systems. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2016.
[4] Yu-Qing Bao and Yang Li. Fpga-based design of grid friendly appliance
controller. IEEE transactions on smart grid, 5(2):924–931, 2014.
[5] Vladimir Chuvychin and Roman Petrichenko. Development of smart
underfrequency load shedding system. Journal of Electrical Engineering,
64(2):123, 2013.
[6] B Delfino, S Massucco, A Morini, P Scalera, and F Silvestro. Implementation
and comparison of different under frequency load-shedding
schemes. In Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001, volume
1, pages 307–312. IEEE, 2001.
[7] Amin Gholami, Tohid Shekari, Farrokh Aminifar, and Mohammad
Shahidehpour. Microgrid scheduling with uncertainty: The quest for
resilience. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 7(6):2849–2858, 2016.
[8] D Hazarika and AK Sinha. Method for optimal load shedding in case
of generation deficiency in a power system. International Journal of
Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 20(6):411–420, 1998.
[9] Nick Jenkins. Embedded generation. Power engineering journal, 9(3):
145–150, 1995.
[10] M Karimi, P Wall, H Mokhlis, and V Terzija. A new centralized adaptive
underfrequency load shedding controller for microgrids based on a
distribution state estimator. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 32
(1):370–380, 2017.
[11] Aimin Li and Zexiang Cai. A method for frequency dynamics analysis
and load shedding assessment based on the trajectory of power
system simulation. In Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring
and Power Technologies, 2008. DRPT 2008. Third International Conference
on, pages 1335–1339. IEEE, 2008.
[12] Pukar Mahat, Zhe Chen, and Birgitte Bak-Jensen. Underfrequency
load shedding for an islanded distribution system with distributed generators.
IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 25(2):911–918, 2010.
[13] Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo, A Mokari, H Seyedi, and
S Ghasemzadeh. An improved under-frequency load shedding
scheme in distribution networks with distributed generation. Journal of
Operation and Automation in Power Engineering, 2(1):22–31, 2014.
[14] Amin Mokari-Bolhasan, Heresh Seyedi, Behnam Mohammadi-ivatloo,
Saeed Abapour, and Saeed Ghasemzadeh. Modified centralized rocof
based load shedding scheme in an islanded distribution network. International
Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 62:806–815,
2014.
[15] Sara Mullen and Getiria Onsongo. Decentralized agent-based underfrequency
load shedding. Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, 17
(4):321–329, 2010.
[16] Lukasz Bartosz Nikonowicz and Jaroslaw Milewski. Virtual power
plants-general review: structure, application and optimization. Journal
of Power Technologies, 92(3):135, 2012.
[17] D Prasetijo, WR Lachs, and D Sutanto. A new load shedding scheme
for limiting underfrequency. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 9
(3):1371–1378, 1994.
[18] CP Reddy, S Chakrabarti, and SC Srivastava. A sensitivity-based
method for under-frequency load-shedding. IEEE Transactions on
Power Systems, 29(2):984–985, 2014.
[19] Urban Rudez and Rafael Mihalic. Analysis of underfrequency load
shedding using a frequency gradient. IEEE transactions on power delivery,
26(2):565–575, 2011.
[20] Urban Rudez and Rafael Mihalic. Predictive underfrequency load
shedding scheme for islanded power systems with renewable generation.
Electric Power Systems Research, 126:21–28, 2015.
[21] H Seyedi and M Sanaye-Pasand. Design of new load shedding special
protection schemes for a double area power system. American Journal
of Applied Sciences, 6(2):317, 2009.
[22] M Sforna and M Delfanti. Overview of the events and causes of the
2003 italian blackout. In Power Systems Conference and Exposition,
2006. PSCE’06. 2006 IEEE PES, pages 301–308. IEEE, 2006.
[23] Tohid Shekari, Farrokh Aminifar, and Majid Sanaye-Pasand. An analytical
adaptive load shedding scheme against severe combinational disturbances.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 31(5):4135–4143,
2016.
[24] Lukas Sigrist, Ignacio Egido, and Luis Rouco. A method for the design
of ufls schemes of small isolated power systems. IEEE Transactions
on Power Systems, 27(2):951–958, 2012.
[25] V Tamilselvan and T Jayabarathi. A hybrid method for optimal load
shedding and improving voltage stability. Ain Shams Engineering Journal,
7(1):223–232, 2016.
[26] Vladimir V Terzija. Adaptive underfrequency load shedding based on
the magnitude of the disturbance estimation. IEEE Transactions on
Power Systems, 21(3):1260–1266, 2006.
[27] Costas Vournas. Technical summary on the athens and southern
greece blackout of july 12, 2004. National Technical University of
Athens, 2004.
[28] P Wang and R Billinton. Optimum load-shedding technique to reduce
the total customer interruption cost in a distribution system. IEE
Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 147(1):51–
56, 2000.
[29] Ding Xu and Adly A Girgis. Optimal load shedding strategy in power
systems with distributed generation. In Power Engineering Society
Winter Meeting, 2001. IEEE, volume 2, pages 788–793. IEEE, 2001.
[30] BAO Yu-Qing, LI Yang,WANG Beibei, HU Minqiang, and CHEN Peipei.
Demand response for frequency control of multi-area power system.
Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 5(1):20–29,
2017.
[31] Alireza Zakariazadeh, Omid Homaee, Shahram Jadid, and Pierluigi
Siano. A new approach for real time voltage control using demand
response in an automated distribution system. Applied Energy, 117:
157–166, 2014.
Published
2018-05-06
How to Cite
MOKARI-BOLHASAN, Amin; TAGHIZADEGAN-KALANTARI, Navid.
The New Adaptive Under Frequency Load Shedding Technique in an Automated Distribution Network Considering Demand Response Programs.
Journal of Power Technologies, [S.l.], v. 98, n. 1, p. 127–138, may 2018.
ISSN 2083-4195.
Available at: <https://papers.itc.pw.edu.pl/index.php/JPT/article/view/1158>. Date accessed: 23 apr. 2024.
Issue
Section
Electrical Engineering
Keywords
Under Frequency Load shedding; Rate of Change of Frequency of Load; Distributed Network Operator; Smart-Grid; Distribution Management System; Demand Response.
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