Numerical simulations of n–heptane spray in high pressure and temperature environments
Abstract
In this study n-heptane spray in supercritical environments was simulated using commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic)software AVL Fire. The numerical results were analyzed in terms of global spray parameter, and spray penetration.The results obtained were compared with experimental data available at Sandia National Laboratories. N-heptane spray simulationswere performed in the same conditions as in the Sandia experiments. The goal of the study was to assess whetherthe Lagrangian approach performs well in engine relevant conditions in terms of spray global parameters. Not included inthis assessment was the influence of supercritical mixing on liquid-gas interphase. The major element was the potential forpractical application of the commercial CFD code in terms of properly representing global spray parameters and thus mixtureformation in supercritical conditions, which is one of the core aspects in whole engine process simulation. The key part ofthe study was mesh optimization. Therefore, the influence of mesh density on both the accuracy of calculations and thecalculation time was determined, taking into consideration detailed experimental data as initial conditions for the subsequentcalculations. This served as a basis to select the optimal mesh with regard to both accuracy of the results obtained and timeduration of the calculations. As a determinant of accuracy, the difference within a range of evaporated fuel stream was used.Using selected mesh the set of numerical calculations were performed and the results were compared with experimental onestaken from the literature. Several spray parameters were compared: spray tip penetration, temperature of the gaseous phaseand mixture fraction in the gaseous phase. The numerical results were very consistent in respect of spray tip penetration. Theother parameters were influenced by specific features of the Lagrangian approach. Nevertheless the results obtained showedthat the Lagrangian approach may be used for engine relevant conditions.References
[1] A. Roy, C. Segal, Experimental study of fluid jet mixing at supercritical
conditions, Journal of Propulsion and Power 26 (2010) 1205–1211.
[2] C. Segal, S. Polikhov, Subcritical to supercritical mixing., Physics of
Fluids 20 (2008;20:052101–1 – 052101–7.) 052101–1 – 052101–7.
[3] B. Chehroudi, D. Talley, E. Coy, Visual characteristics and initial growth
rates of round cryogenic jets at subcritical and supercritical pressures.,
Physics of Fluids 14 (2002) 850–861.
[4] V. Zong, N. Yang*, Cryogenic fluid jets and mixing layers in transcritical
and supercritical environments., Combustion Science and Technology
178 (2006;178:193–227.) 193–227.
[5] R. Rachedi, L. Crook, P. Sojka, An experimental study of swirling supercritical
hydrocarbon fuel jets., Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines
and Power 132 (2010) 081502–1 – 081502–9.
[6] R. Dahms, J. Manin, L. Pickett, J. Oefelein, Understanding highpressure
gas-liquid interface phenomena in diesel engines., Proceedings
of the Combustion Institute 34 (2013) 1667–1675.
[7] M. Pilch, C. Erdman, Use of breakup time data and velocity history
data to predict the maximum size of stable fragments for accelerationinduced
breakup of a liquid drop., International Journal of Multiphase
Flow 13 (1987) 741–757.
[8] K. Hanjali´c, M. Popovac, M. Hadžiabdi´c, A robust near-wall ellipticrelaxation
eddy-viscosity turbulence model for cfd., International Journal
of Multiphase Flow 25 (2004) 1047–1051.
[9] J. Dukowicz, A particle-fluid numerical model for liquid sprays., Journal
of Computational Physics 35 (1980) 229–253.
[10] G. Stiesch, Modeling engine spray and combustion processes.,
Springer, 2003.
[11] A. Kapusta, ŁJ. Teodorczyk, Numerical simulations of a simultaneous
direct injection of liquid and gaseous fuels into a constant volume
chamber., Journal of Power Technologies 92 (2012) 12–19.
[12] Sandia National Laboratories. Engine Combustion Network - Data
searching utility (2014).
conditions, Journal of Propulsion and Power 26 (2010) 1205–1211.
[2] C. Segal, S. Polikhov, Subcritical to supercritical mixing., Physics of
Fluids 20 (2008;20:052101–1 – 052101–7.) 052101–1 – 052101–7.
[3] B. Chehroudi, D. Talley, E. Coy, Visual characteristics and initial growth
rates of round cryogenic jets at subcritical and supercritical pressures.,
Physics of Fluids 14 (2002) 850–861.
[4] V. Zong, N. Yang*, Cryogenic fluid jets and mixing layers in transcritical
and supercritical environments., Combustion Science and Technology
178 (2006;178:193–227.) 193–227.
[5] R. Rachedi, L. Crook, P. Sojka, An experimental study of swirling supercritical
hydrocarbon fuel jets., Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines
and Power 132 (2010) 081502–1 – 081502–9.
[6] R. Dahms, J. Manin, L. Pickett, J. Oefelein, Understanding highpressure
gas-liquid interface phenomena in diesel engines., Proceedings
of the Combustion Institute 34 (2013) 1667–1675.
[7] M. Pilch, C. Erdman, Use of breakup time data and velocity history
data to predict the maximum size of stable fragments for accelerationinduced
breakup of a liquid drop., International Journal of Multiphase
Flow 13 (1987) 741–757.
[8] K. Hanjali´c, M. Popovac, M. Hadžiabdi´c, A robust near-wall ellipticrelaxation
eddy-viscosity turbulence model for cfd., International Journal
of Multiphase Flow 25 (2004) 1047–1051.
[9] J. Dukowicz, A particle-fluid numerical model for liquid sprays., Journal
of Computational Physics 35 (1980) 229–253.
[10] G. Stiesch, Modeling engine spray and combustion processes.,
Springer, 2003.
[11] A. Kapusta, ŁJ. Teodorczyk, Numerical simulations of a simultaneous
direct injection of liquid and gaseous fuels into a constant volume
chamber., Journal of Power Technologies 92 (2012) 12–19.
[12] Sandia National Laboratories. Engine Combustion Network - Data
searching utility (2014).
Published
2017-02-27
How to Cite
SMUGA, Wojciech; KAPUSTA, Lukasz Jan; TEODORCZYK, Andrzej.
Numerical simulations of n–heptane spray in high pressure and temperature environments.
Journal of Power Technologies, [S.l.], v. 97, n. 1, p. 1--6, feb. 2017.
ISSN 2083-4195.
Available at: <https://papers.itc.pw.edu.pl/index.php/JPT/article/view/879>. Date accessed: 01 dec. 2024.
Issue
Section
Combustion and Fuel Processing
Keywords
CFD; n-heptane; spray; injection; supercritical mixing
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).