Performance of the PEM fuel cell module. Part 2. Effect of excess ratio and stack temperature
Abstract
The paper describes a fuel cell based system performance under different thermal conditions. The system could be fedwith bottled hydrogen or with very high purity hydrogen obtained from reforming of methanol. The system is based on twofuel cell units (1.2 kW each, produced by Ballard Power Systems Inc. and called Nexa), DC/DC converter, DC/AC inverter,microprocessor control unit, load unit, bottled hydrogen supply system and a set of measurement instruments. In this studysteady-state operation of the PEM fuel cell system at different values of air excess ratio and different stack temperature wasinvestigated. The load of the system was provided with the aid of a set of resistors. The results obtained show that the netpower of the system does not depend on the air excess ratio within the range of O2 from 1.9 to 5.0. The polarization curves ofthe fuel cell module showed that the fuel cell performance was improved with increased stack temperature within the range of30C to 65C. It was established that the total efficiency of the tested system depends on the hydrogen source and is higherwhen using bottled hydrogen of about 30% and 16%, for minimum and maximum load, respectively.References
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(2006) 155–161.
1996.
[2] P. Corbo, F. Migliardini, O. Veneri, An experimental study of a pem fuel
cell power train for urban bus application, Journal of Power Sources
181 (2) (2008) 363–370.
[3] P. Pei, Q. Chang, T. Tang, A quick evaluating method for automotive
fuel cell lifetime, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33 (14)
(2008) 3829–3836.
[4] W. Schmittinger, A. Vahidi, A review of the main parameters influencing
long-term performance and durability of pem fuel cells, Journal of
Power Sources 180 (1) (2008) 1–14.
[5] J. Gruber, M. Doll, C. Bordons, Design and experimental validation of
a constrained mpc for the air feed of a fuel cell, Control Engineering
Practice 17 (8) (2009) 874–885.
[6] J. T. Pukrushpan, A. G. Stefanopoulou, H. Peng, Control of fuel cell
breathing, Control Systems, IEEE 24 (2) (2004) 30–46.
[7] W. Garcia-Gabin, F. Dorado, C. Bordons, Real-time implementation of
a sliding mode controller for air supply on a pem fuel cell, Journal of
process control 20 (3) (2010) 325–336.
[8] M. Wendeker, A. Malek, J. Czarnigowski, R. Taccani, P. Boulet, F. Breaban,
Adaptive airflow control of the pem fuel cell system, Tech. rep.,
SAE Technical Paper (2007).
[9] Q. Chen, L. Gao, R. A. Dougal, S. Quan, Multiple model predictive control
for a hybrid proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, Journal
of Power Sources 191 (2) (2009) 473–482.
[10] Z. Zhang, X. Huang, J. Jiang, B. Wu, An improved dynamic model
considering effects of temperature and equivalent internal resistance
for pem fuel cell power modules, Journal of Power Sources 161 (2)
(2006) 1062–1068.
[11] X. Xue, J. Tang, A. Smirnova, R. England, N. Sammes, System
level lumped-parameter dynamic modeling of pem fuel cell, Journal
of Power Sources 133 (2) (2004) 188–204.
[12] A. Beicha, R. Zaamouche, Electrochemical model for proton exchange
membrane fuel cells systems, Journal of Power Technologies 93 (1)
(2013) 27.
[13] R. O’Hayre, S. Cha,W. Colella, P. F, Fuel cell fundamentals, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc, New York, 2009.
[14] J. Milewski, J. Lewandoski, Biofuels as fuels for high temperature fuel
cells, Journal of Power Technologies 93 (5) (2013) 347.
[15] J. Milewski, K. Michalska, A. Kacprzak, Dairy biogas as fuel for a
molten carbonate fuel cell-initial study, Journal of Power Technologies
93 (3) (2013) 161.
[16] R. Metkemeijer, P. Achard, Comparison of ammonia and methanol applied
indirectly in a hydrogen fuel cell, International journal of hydrogen
energy 19 (6) (1994) 535–542.
[17] Valdez T.I. and Narayanan S.R.: Recent studies on methanol
crossover in liquid-feed direct methanol fuel cells, http://trsnew.
jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bit stream /2014/20662/1/98-1710.pdf.
[18] U. Krewer, Y. Song, K. Sundmacher, V. John, R. Lübke, G. Matthies,
L. Tobiska, Direct methanol fuel cell (dmfc): analysis of residence time
behaviour of anodic flow bed, Chemical Engineering Science 59 (1)
(2004) 119–130.
[19] V. Oliveira, C. Rangel, A. Pinto, Modelling and experimental studies on
a direct methanol fuel cell working under low methanol crossover and
high methanol concentrations, international journal of hydrogen energy
34 (15) (2009) 6443–6451.
[20] A. Trendewicz, J. Milewski, An innovative method of modeling direct
methanol fuel cells, Journal of Power Technologies 92 (1) (2012) 20.
[21] D. Falcão, V. Oliveira, C. Rangel, A. Pinto, Experimental and modeling
studies of a micro direct methanol fuel cell, Renewable Energy 74
(2015) 464–470.
[22] K. Geissler, E. Newson, F. Vogel, T. Truong, P. Hottinger, Kinetics and
systems analysis for producing hydrogen from methanol and hydrocarbons,
Volume V General Energy 5 (1) (2001) 8.
[23] C.-H. Fu, J. C.Wu, Mathematical simulation of hydrogen production via
methanol steam reforming using double-jacketed membrane reactor,
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 (18) (2007) 4830–4839.
[24] Nexa Power Module User’s Manual, Ballard Power Systems, June
2003.
[25] DeVries D.: Data Sets and Modeling Comparisons Model 20L Reformer,
Genesis Fueltech 2006.
[26] D. Wecel, PEMFC cooperating with PV and hydrogen generator with
the use of waste heat. Systemy, technologie i urza˛dzenia energetyczne.,
Vol. 1, Kraków, in Polish.
[27] J. Zhang, Y. Tang, C. Song, X. Cheng, J. Zhang, H. Wang, Pem fuel
cells operated at 0% relative humidity in the temperature range of 23–
120 c, Electrochimica Acta 52 (15) (2007) 5095–5101.
[28] A. F. Ghenciu, Fuel processing catalysts for hydrogen reformate generation
for pem fuel cells, Fuel Cell (2004) 17–19.
[29] F. Fernandes, A. Soares Jr, Modeling of methane steam reforming in a
palladium membrane reactor, Latin American applied research 36 (3)
(2006) 155–161.
Published
2017-11-01
How to Cite
CIEŚLIŃSKI, Janusz T.; KACZMARCZYK, Tomasz; DAWIDOWICZ, Bartosz.
Performance of the PEM fuel cell module. Part 2. Effect of excess ratio and stack temperature.
Journal of Power Technologies, [S.l.], v. 97, n. 3, p. 246--251, nov. 2017.
ISSN 2083-4195.
Available at: <https://papers.itc.pw.edu.pl/index.php/JPT/article/view/601>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
Issue
Section
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
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