Coordination Strategy for Digital Frequency Relays and Energy Storage in a Low-Inertia Microgrid
Abstract
Abstract Recently, dynamic frequency stability problems have started to arise in microgrid systems with the increasing utilization of low inertia and intermittent renewable energy sources. This leads to limiting the maximum penetration of renewable sources in microgrids. In order to solve this problem and increase the penetration of renewable sources, the dynamic frequency controller of the microgrid should be enhanced. Therefore, this paper will provide virtual inertia response of superconducting magnetic energy storage coordinated with the load frequency control depending on a new optimal proportional-integral-derivative controller-based advanced swarm intelligence technique, named Moth Swarm Algorithm (MSA). Moreover, the proposed inertia control strategy is coordinated with digital frequency relay to enhance dynamic frequency stability and maintain microgrid dynamic security at high penetration levels of renewable sources and radical load change. To attest the superiority of the proposed technique, it has been examined using MATLAB/SIMULINK, considering different contingency cases and varying the inertia level of the studied microgrid. The results stated that the proposed coordination can effectively regulate microgrid frequency and maintain dynamic stability and security.References
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Coordinated Microgrid Frequency Regulation Based on DFIG Variable
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Hongesombut, and Sinan Küfeo˘ glu. Virtual Inertia Control-Based
Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Frequency Stabilization Considering
High Renewable Energy Integration. Sustainability, 9(5):773,
may 2017.
[9] Ruifeng Yan and Tapan Kumar Saha. Frequency response estimation
method for high wind penetration considering wind turbine frequency
support functions. IET Renewable Power Generation, 9(7):775–782,
sep 2015.
[10] Konstantina Mentesidi, Raquel Garde, Monica Aguado, and Evangelos
Rikos. Implementation of a fuzzy logic controller for virtual inertia emulation.
In 2015 International Symposium on Smart Electric Distribution
Systems and Technologies (EDST). IEEE, sep 2015.
[11] Yalong Hu, Wei Wei, Yonggang Peng, and Jinyong Lei. Fuzzy virtual
inertia control for virtual synchronous generator. In 2016 35th Chinese
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Strategy for Energy Storage Systems to Support Dynamic Frequency
Control. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 29(4):833–840,
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Assisted Fuzzy based Adaptive Protective Relaying Scheme
for Microgrid. Journal of Power Technologies, 98, 2018.
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Storage System for Power System Frequency Regulation. The Transactions
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Static synchronous compensator with superconducting magnetic energy
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output-power regulation of wind-turbine generator by series and parallel
compensation using SMES. IEE Proceedings - Generation Transmission
and Distribution, 153(3):276, 2006.
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of TCPS and SMES for frequency regulation of interconnected restructured
power systems with dynamic participation from DFIG based wind
farm. Renewable Energy, 40(1):40–50, apr 2012.
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Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) to Improve Transient
Stability of Multi-Machine System with Wind Power Penetration.
In 16th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON),
Cairo, Egypt, 2014, pp. 1-6., 2014.
[27] Mohamed M. Aly, Mamdouh Abdel-Akher, Sayed M. Said, and
Tomonobu Senjyu. A developed control strategy for mitigating wind
power generation transients using superconducting magnetic energy
storage with reactive power support. International Journal of Electrical
Power & Energy Systems, 83:485–494, dec 2016.
[28] Emad A. Mohamed, E. Gouda, and Yasunori Mitani. Impact of SMES
integration on the digital frequency relay operation considering High
PV/Wind penetration in micro-grid. Energy Procedia, 157:1292–1304,
jan 2019.
[29] J.A. Laghari, H. Mokhlis, A.H.A. Bakar, and Hasmaini Mohamad. Application
of computational intelligence techniques for load shedding
in power systems: A review. Energy Conversion and Management,
75:130–140, nov 2013.
[30] Hamdy Ahmed Ashour Ayatte Ibrahim Atteya, Amani Mohamed
El Zonkoly. Adaptive protection scheme for optimally coordinated relay
setting using modified PSO algorithm. Journal of Power Technologies,
97 No 5, pp. 463–469., 2017.
[31] Naowarat Tephiruk, Komsan Hongesombut, Yuthasak Urathamakul,
Sirivat Poonvasin, and Sanee Tangsatit. Modeling of rate of change
of under frequency relay for microgrid protection. In 2017 International
Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON). IEEE, mar 2017.
[32] W. Freitas, W. Xu, C.M. Affonso, and Z. Huang. Comparative Analysis
Between ROCOF and Vector Surge Relays for Distributed Generation
Applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 20(2):1315–1324,
apr 2005.
[33] J.C.M. Vieira, W. Freitas, W. Xu, and A. Morelato. Efficient Coordination
of ROCOF and Frequency Relays for Distributed Generation Protection
by Using the Application Region. IEEE Transactions on Power
Delivery, 21(4):1878–1884, oct 2006.
[34] Gaber Magdy, Emad A. Mohamed, G. Shabib, Adel A. Elbaset, and Yasunori
Mitani. SMES based a new PID controller for frequency stability
of a real hybrid power system considering high wind power penetration.
IET Renewable Power Generation, 12(11):1304–1313, aug 2018.
[35] Shailendra Singh, Rohit Kumar Verma, Ashish Kumar Shakya, and
Satyendra Pratap Singh. Frequency Regulation of Micro-grid Connected
Hybrid Power System with SMES. Technology and Economics
of Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy, 2(1), jul 2017.
[36] Emad Mohamed Younis, Mohamed Al-Attar, Thongchart Kerdphol, and
Yasunori Mitani. Optimization of Reactive Compensation in Distribution
Networks Based on Moth Swarm Intelligence for Multi-Load Levels.
International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 12(4):342, aug
2017.
[37] Emad A. Mohamed, Gaber Magdy, Gaber Shabib, Adel A. Elbaset,
and Yasunori Mitani. Digital coordination strategy of protection and
frequency stability for an islanded microgrid. IET Generation Transmission
& Distribution, 12(15):3637–3646, aug 2018.
Power System Monitoring and Control. John Wiley & Sons Inc., may
2014.
[2] Thomas Ackermann, editor. Wind Power in Power Systems. John
Wiley & Sons Ltd, jan 2005.
[3] Petros Aristidou, Gustavo Valverde, and Thierry Van Cutsem. Contribution
of Distribution Network Control to Voltage Stability: A Case
Study. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 8(1):106–116, jan 2017.
[4] Jingjing Zhao, Xue Lyu, Yang Fu, Xiaoguang Hu, and Fangxing Li.
Coordinated Microgrid Frequency Regulation Based on DFIG Variable
Coefficient Using Virtual Inertia and Primary Frequency Control. IEEE
Transactions on Energy Conversion, 31(3):833–845, sep 2016.
[5] Salvatore D’Arco, Jon Are Suul, and Olav B. Fosso. Small-signal modeling
and parametric sensitivity of a virtual synchronous machine in
islanded operation. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy
Systems, 72:3–15, nov 2015.
[6] Ujjwol Tamrakar, Dipesh Shrestha, Manisha Maharjan, Bishnu Bhattarai,
Timothy Hansen, and Reinaldo Tonkoski. Virtual Inertia: Current
Trends and Future Directions. Applied Sciences, 7(7):654, jun 2017.
[7] Jia Liu, Yushi Miura, and Toshifumi Ise. Comparison of Dynamic Characteristics
Between Virtual Synchronous Generator and Droop Control
in Inverter-Based Distributed Generators. IEEE Transactions on Power
Electronics, 31(5):3600–3611, may 2016.
[8] Thongchart Kerdphol, Fathin Rahman, Yasunori Mitani, Komsan
Hongesombut, and Sinan Küfeo˘ glu. Virtual Inertia Control-Based
Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Frequency Stabilization Considering
High Renewable Energy Integration. Sustainability, 9(5):773,
may 2017.
[9] Ruifeng Yan and Tapan Kumar Saha. Frequency response estimation
method for high wind penetration considering wind turbine frequency
support functions. IET Renewable Power Generation, 9(7):775–782,
sep 2015.
[10] Konstantina Mentesidi, Raquel Garde, Monica Aguado, and Evangelos
Rikos. Implementation of a fuzzy logic controller for virtual inertia emulation.
In 2015 International Symposium on Smart Electric Distribution
Systems and Technologies (EDST). IEEE, sep 2015.
[11] Yalong Hu, Wei Wei, Yonggang Peng, and Jinyong Lei. Fuzzy virtual
inertia control for virtual synchronous generator. In 2016 35th Chinese
Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, jul 2016.
[12] Miguel A. Torres L., Luiz A. C. Lopes, Luis A. Moran T., and Jose
R. Espinoza C. Self-Tuning Virtual Synchronous Machine: A Control
Strategy for Energy Storage Systems to Support Dynamic Frequency
Control. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 29(4):833–840,
dec 2014.
[13] Anamika Yadav Bokka Krishna Chaitanya, Atul Kumar Soni. Communication
Assisted Fuzzy based Adaptive Protective Relaying Scheme
for Microgrid. Journal of Power Technologies, 98, 2018.
[14] Hassan Bevrani. Robust PI-Based Frequency Control. In Robust
Power System Frequency Control, pages 71–104. Springer International
Publishing, 2014.
[15] Sergio Vazquez, Srdjan M. Lukic, Eduardo Galvan, Leopoldo G. Franquelo,
and Juan M. Carrasco. Energy Storage Systems for Transport
and Grid Applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,
57(12):3881–3895, dec 2010.
[16] Andreas Poullikkas Pavlos Nikolaidis. A comparative review of electrical
energy storage systems for better sustainability. Journal of Power
Technologies, 97 No 3, 2017.
[17] Wei Li and Geza Joos. Comparison of Energy Storage System Technologies
and Configurations in a Wind Farm. In 2007 IEEE Power
Electronics Specialists Conference. IEEE, 2007.
[18] Abraham Ellis, David Schoenwald, Jon Hawkins, Steve Willard, and
Brian Arellano. PV output smoothing with energy storage. In 2012
38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. IEEE, jun 2012.
[19] Ujjwol Tamrakar, David Galipeau, Reinaldo Tonkoski, and Indraman
Tamrakar. Improving transient stability of photovoltaic-hydro microgrids
using virtual synchronous machines. In 2015 IEEE Eindhoven
PowerTech. IEEE, jun 2015.
[20] Ming Ding and JieWu. A Novel Control Strategy of Hybrid Energy Storage
System for Wind Power Smoothing. Electric Power Components
and Systems, 45(12):1265–1274, jul 2017.
[21] Jie Dang, John Seuss, Luv Suneja, and Ronald G. Harley. SoC Feedback
Control for Wind and ESS Hybrid Power System Frequency Regulation.
IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,
2(1):79–86, mar 2014.
[22] Jun Yeong Yun, Garam Yu, Kyung Soo Kook, Do Hwan Rho, and
Byung Hoon Chang. SOC-based Control Strategy of Battery Energy
Storage System for Power System Frequency Regulation. The Transactions
of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, 63 No 5, 2014.
Accessed on Mon, September 23, 2019.
[23] Marcelo G. Molina, Pedro E. Mercado, and Edson H. Watanabe.
Static synchronous compensator with superconducting magnetic energy
storage for high power utility applications. Energy Conversion
and Management, 48(8):2316–2331, aug 2007.
[24] T. Kinjo, T. Senjyu, N. Urasaki, and H. Fujita. Terminal-voltage and
output-power regulation of wind-turbine generator by series and parallel
compensation using SMES. IEE Proceedings - Generation Transmission
and Distribution, 153(3):276, 2006.
[25] Praghnesh Bhatt, S.P. Ghoshal, and Ranjit Roy. Coordinated control
of TCPS and SMES for frequency regulation of interconnected restructured
power systems with dynamic participation from DFIG based wind
farm. Renewable Energy, 40(1):40–50, apr 2012.
[26] M. Abdel-Akher Sayed M. Said, Mohamed M. Aly. Application of
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) to Improve Transient
Stability of Multi-Machine System with Wind Power Penetration.
In 16th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON),
Cairo, Egypt, 2014, pp. 1-6., 2014.
[27] Mohamed M. Aly, Mamdouh Abdel-Akher, Sayed M. Said, and
Tomonobu Senjyu. A developed control strategy for mitigating wind
power generation transients using superconducting magnetic energy
storage with reactive power support. International Journal of Electrical
Power & Energy Systems, 83:485–494, dec 2016.
[28] Emad A. Mohamed, E. Gouda, and Yasunori Mitani. Impact of SMES
integration on the digital frequency relay operation considering High
PV/Wind penetration in micro-grid. Energy Procedia, 157:1292–1304,
jan 2019.
[29] J.A. Laghari, H. Mokhlis, A.H.A. Bakar, and Hasmaini Mohamad. Application
of computational intelligence techniques for load shedding
in power systems: A review. Energy Conversion and Management,
75:130–140, nov 2013.
[30] Hamdy Ahmed Ashour Ayatte Ibrahim Atteya, Amani Mohamed
El Zonkoly. Adaptive protection scheme for optimally coordinated relay
setting using modified PSO algorithm. Journal of Power Technologies,
97 No 5, pp. 463–469., 2017.
[31] Naowarat Tephiruk, Komsan Hongesombut, Yuthasak Urathamakul,
Sirivat Poonvasin, and Sanee Tangsatit. Modeling of rate of change
of under frequency relay for microgrid protection. In 2017 International
Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON). IEEE, mar 2017.
[32] W. Freitas, W. Xu, C.M. Affonso, and Z. Huang. Comparative Analysis
Between ROCOF and Vector Surge Relays for Distributed Generation
Applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 20(2):1315–1324,
apr 2005.
[33] J.C.M. Vieira, W. Freitas, W. Xu, and A. Morelato. Efficient Coordination
of ROCOF and Frequency Relays for Distributed Generation Protection
by Using the Application Region. IEEE Transactions on Power
Delivery, 21(4):1878–1884, oct 2006.
[34] Gaber Magdy, Emad A. Mohamed, G. Shabib, Adel A. Elbaset, and Yasunori
Mitani. SMES based a new PID controller for frequency stability
of a real hybrid power system considering high wind power penetration.
IET Renewable Power Generation, 12(11):1304–1313, aug 2018.
[35] Shailendra Singh, Rohit Kumar Verma, Ashish Kumar Shakya, and
Satyendra Pratap Singh. Frequency Regulation of Micro-grid Connected
Hybrid Power System with SMES. Technology and Economics
of Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy, 2(1), jul 2017.
[36] Emad Mohamed Younis, Mohamed Al-Attar, Thongchart Kerdphol, and
Yasunori Mitani. Optimization of Reactive Compensation in Distribution
Networks Based on Moth Swarm Intelligence for Multi-Load Levels.
International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 12(4):342, aug
2017.
[37] Emad A. Mohamed, Gaber Magdy, Gaber Shabib, Adel A. Elbaset,
and Yasunori Mitani. Digital coordination strategy of protection and
frequency stability for an islanded microgrid. IET Generation Transmission
& Distribution, 12(15):3637–3646, aug 2018.
Published
2020-01-08
How to Cite
SAID, Sayed M. et al.
Coordination Strategy for Digital Frequency Relays and Energy Storage in a Low-Inertia Microgrid.
Journal of Power Technologies, [S.l.], v. 99, n. 4, p. 254–263, jan. 2020.
ISSN 2083-4195.
Available at: <https://papers.itc.pw.edu.pl/index.php/JPT/article/view/1532>. Date accessed: 29 dec. 2024.
Issue
Section
Energy Conversion and Storage
Keywords
digital protection; load frequency control; low-inertia microgrid; superconducting magnetic energy storage
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