Impact of uncoordinated electric vehicle charging on the distribution grid
Abstract
Charging electric vehicles (EVs) represents an extra and increasing load for the power system. And the higher the charging power is, the more likely it is that serious problems will arise. In addition to home charging, in Hungary - the area of interest in this paper - Level 2 chargers in the streets are currently installed with a maximum charging power of 22 kW. Since the local market share of EVs is low at present and expected to remain relatively low in the years to come, it is essential to see where the limits of the low-voltage distribution grid are in terms of taking the extra EV charging load. This paper presents extensive simulation results taking various EV charging characteristics, arrival statistics, household load variation, and other assumptions into consideration to determine how EV charging will affect the low voltage grid. The stochastic simulations were conducted in DIgSILENT Power Factory augmented with a Python code. Simulation results indicate that an already moderately loaded grid is capable of accommodating EVs at a penetration level of approximately 20%, which can be considered a high value.References
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2. (2015) Energy Research, Development and Inno-
vation in Hungary.
3.Tikka, V., Lassila, J., Haakana, J., and Partanen,
J. (2011) Case study of the eects of electric vehicle
charging on grid loads in an urban area. 2011 2nd
IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies.
4.Saele, H., and Petersen, I. (2018) Electric vehicles
in Norway and the potential for demand response.
2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineer-
ing Conference (UPEC).
5.Quiros-Tortos, J., Ochoa, L.F., and Lees, B. (2015)
A statistical analysis of EV charging behavior in the
UK. 2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technolo-
gies Latin America (ISGT LATAM).
6.Akhavan-Rezai, E., Shaaban, M.F., El-Saadany,
E.F., and Zidan, A. (2012) Uncoordinated charging
impacts of electric vehicles on electric distribution
grids: Normal and fast charging comparison. 2012
IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.
7.Rutherford, M.J., and Yousefzadeh, V. (2011) The
impact of Electric Vehicle battery charging on distri-
bution transformers. 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE
Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
(APEC).
8.Onar, O.C., and Khaligh, A. (2010) Grid interac-
tions and stability analysis of distribution power net-
work with high penetration of plug-in hybrid elec-
tric vehicles. 2010 Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Ap-
plied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
(APEC).
9.Li, Y., and Zhang, J. (2015) Research into prob-
abilistic representation of electric vehicle's charging
load and its eect to the load characteristics of the
network. 2015 5th International Conference on Elec-
tric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power
Technologies (DRPT).
10.Klayklueng, T., Dechanupaprittha, S., and
Kongthong, P. (2015) Analysis of unbalance Plug-in
Electric Vehicle home charging in PEA distribution
network by stochastic load model. 2015 International
Symposium on Smart Electric Distribution Systems
and Technologies (EDST).
11.Zafred, K., Nieto-Martin, J., and Butans, E.
(2016) Electric Vehicles - eects on domestic low volt-
age networks. 2016 IEEE International Energy Con-
ference (ENERGYCON).
12.Babaei, S., Steen, D., Tuan, L.A., Carlson, O., and
Bertling, L. (2010) Eects of Plug-in Electric Vehicles
on distribution systems: A real case of Gothenburg.
2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies
Conference Europe (ISGT Europe).
13.Tie, C.H., Gan, C.K., and Ibrahim, K.A. (2014)
The impact of electric vehicle charging on a resi-
dential low voltage distribution network in Malaysia.
2014 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia
(ISGT ASIA).
14.Ahmadian, A., Sedghi, M., and Aliakbar-Golkar,
M. (2015) Stochastic modeling of Plug-in Electric
Vehicles load demand in residential grids consider-
ing nonlinear battery charge characteristic. 2015 20th
Conference on Electrical Power Distribution Networks
Conference (EPDC).
15.Mirbagheri, S.M., Bovera, F., Falabretti, D., Mon-
cecchi, M., Delfanti, M., Fiori, M., and Merlo, M.
(2018) Monte Carlo Procedure to Evaluate the E-
mobility Impact on the Electric Distribution Grid.
2018 International Conference of Electrical and Elec-
tronic Technologies for Automotive.
16.Shaee, S., Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M., and Rastegar,
M. (2013) Investigating the Impacts of Plug-in Hy-
brid Electric Vehicles on Power Distribution Systems.
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 4 (3), 1351{1360.
17.Yeh, Y.-C., and Tsai, M.-S. (2015) Development
of a Genetic Algorithm based electric vehicle charg-
ing coordination on distribution networks. 2015 IEEE
Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC).
18.Smart, J., and Schey, S. (2012) Battery Electric
Vehicle Driving and Charging Behavior Observed Early
in The EV Project. SAE International Journal of Al-
ternative Powertrains, 1 (1), 27{33.
19. Living with the Renault ZOE EV 3 - My Renault
ZOE electric car.
20. Electric Vehicle Charging Time Calculator | For
All EVs.
Published
2020-04-16
How to Cite
FARKAS, Csaba.
Impact of uncoordinated electric vehicle charging on the distribution grid.
Journal of Power Technologies, [S.l.], v. 100, n. 1, p. 85-91, apr. 2020.
ISSN 2083-4195.
Available at: <https://papers.itc.pw.edu.pl/index.php/JPT/article/view/1507>. Date accessed: 24 apr. 2024.
Issue
Section
Electrical Engineering
Keywords
DIgSILENT; electric car; Level-2 charging; stochastic simulation
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