Stochastic Risk and Reliability Assessments of Energy Management System in Grid of Microgrids under Uncertainty

  • Nima Nikmehr Smart Distribution Grid Research Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9569-3070
  • Sajad Najafi-Ravadanegh Smart Distribution Grid Research Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

As various renewable energy resources (RERs) are exploited within microgrids (MGs), some important challenges havearisen as regards coping with generation fluctuations. This paper proposes a probabilistic method aimed at achieving optimalcoordinated operation in a grid of microgrids under uncertainties of RERs and variable load demand. In the supposed structurebased on networked microgrids (NMGs), a two-level strategy is required for guaranteeing efficient coordination between theMGs and distribution network operator (DNO). Another contribution of the paper deals with the flexibility of NMGs in improvingthe reliability of the whole system. Additionally, the value at risk (VaR) calculations for output results are carried out for differentconfidence levels with two important methods. In sum, the aim of the paper is to minimize total energy costs considering theenvironmental effects. To achieve this purpose, the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) as a heuristic algorithm is appliedto solve the optimal power dispatch problem and the obtained results are compared using the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS)method. As the input data are modeled under uncertainties, the output results are described with probability distributionfunction (PDF).

Author Biography

Sajad Najafi-Ravadanegh, Smart Distribution Grid Research Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
Associate Professor at Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University

References

[1] M. S. Mahmoud, M. S. U. Rahman, F. M. A. L. Sunni, Review of microgrid
architectures-a system of systems perspective, IET Renewable
Power Generation 9 (8) (2015) 1064–1078.
[2] N. Nikmehr, S. N. Ravadanegh, Optimal power dispatch of multimicrogrids
at future smart distribution grids, IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid 6 (4) (2015) 1648–1657.
[3] N. Nikmehr, S. Najafi-Ravadanegh, Reliability evaluation of multimicrogrids
considering optimal operation of small scale energy zones
under load-generation uncertainties, International Journal of Electrical
Power & Energy Systems 78 (2016) 80 – 87.
[4] H. Haddadian, R. Noroozian, Multi-microgrids approach for design and
operation of future distribution networks based on novel technical indices,
Applied Energy 185, Part 1 (2017) 650 – 663.
[5] N. Nikmehr, S. Najafi-Ravadanegh, A. Khodaei, Probabilistic optimal
scheduling of networked microgrids considering time-based demand
response programs under uncertainty, Applied Energy 198 (2017) 267
– 279.
[6] D. Gregoratti, J. Matamoros, Distributed energy trading: The multiplemicrogrid
case, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 62 (4)
(2015) 2551–2559.
[7] Z. Pooranian, N. Nikmehr, S. Najafi-Ravadanegh, H. Mahdin,
J. Abawajy, Economical and environmental operation of smart networked
microgrids under uncertainties using nsga-ii, in: 2016 24th
International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer
Networks (SoftCOM), 2016, pp. 1–6.
[8] N. Nikmehr, S. Najafi-Ravadanegh, Optimal operation of distributed
generations in micro-grids under uncertainties in load and renewable
power generation using heuristic algorithm, IET Renewable Power
Generation 9 (8) (2015) 982–990.
[9] Z. Wang, B. Chen, J. Wang, M. M. Begovic, C. Chen, Coordinated
energy management of networked microgrids in distribution systems,
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 6 (1) (2015) 45–53.
[10] Z. Wang, B. Chen, J. Wang, J. kim, Decentralized energy management
system for networked microgrids in grid-connected and islanded
modes, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 7 (2) (2016) 1097–1105.
[11] A. Hussain, V. H. Bui, H. M. Kim, A resilient and privacy-preserving
energy management strategy for networked microgrids, IEEE Transactions
on Smart Grid PP (99) (2016) 1–1.
[12] S. A. Arefifar, Y. A. R. I. Mohamed, T. H. M. EL-Fouly, Comprehensive
operational planning framework for self-healing control actions in smart
distribution grids, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 28 (4) (2013)
4192–4200.
[13] Z. Wang, B. Chen, J. Wang, C. Chen, Networked microgrids for selfhealing
power systems, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 7 (1) (2016)
310–319.
[14] Z. Bie, P. Zhang, G. Li, B. Hua, M. Meehan, X. Wang, Reliability evaluation
of active distribution systems including microgrids, in: 2013 IEEE
Power Energy Society General Meeting, 2013, pp. 1–1.
[15] S. A. Arefifar, Y. A. R. I. Mohamed, T. H. M. EL-Fouly, Optimum microgrid
design for enhancing reliability and supply-security, IEEE Transactions
on Smart Grid 4 (3) (2013) 1567–1575.
[16] A. Safdarian, M. Z. Degefa, M. Lehtonen, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, Distribution
network reliability improvements in presence of demand response,
IET Generation, Transmission Distribution 8 (12) (2014) 2027–
2035.
[17] K. Kopsidas, A. Kapetanaki, v. levi, j. milanovic, Optimal demand response
scheduling with real time thermal ratings of overhead lines for
improved network reliability, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid PP (99)
(2016) 1–1.
[18] M. Asensio, J. Contreras, Stochastic unit commitment in isolated systems
with renewable penetration under cvar assessment, IEEE Transactions
on Smart Grid 7 (3) (2016) 1356–1367.
[19] M. Hemmati, N. Amjady, M. Ehsan, System modeling and optimization
for islanded micro-grid using multi-cross learning-based chaotic differential
evolution algorithm, International Journal of Electrical Power &
Energy Systems 56 (2014) 349–360.
[20] S. Conti, S. Raiti, Probabilistic load flow using monte carlo techniques
for distribution networks with photovoltaic generators, Solar Energy
81 (12) (2007) 1473–1481.
[21] N. Nikmehr, S. N. Ravadanegh, Solving probabilistic load flow in smart
distribution grids using heuristic methods, Journal of Renewable and
Sustainable Energy 7 (4) (2015) 043138.
[22] S. Kamalinia, M. Shahidehpour, Generation expansion planning in
wind-thermal power systems, IET generation, transmission & distribution
4 (8) (2010) 940–951.
[23] N. Nikmehr, Heuristic probabilistic power flow algorithm for microgrids
operation and planning, IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 9
(2015) 985–995.
[24] K. Clement-Nyns, E. Haesen, J. Driesen, The impact of charging plugin
hybrid electric vehicles on a residential distribution grid, IEEE Transactions
on Power Systems 25 (1) (2010) 371–380.
[25] M. Aien, M. Rashidinejad, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, On possibilistic and
probabilistic uncertainty assessment of power flow problem: A review
and a new approach, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 37
(2014) 883–895.
[26] H. Wu, X. Liu, M. Ding, Dynamic economic dispatch of a microgrid:
Mathematical models and solution algorithm, International Journal of
Electrical Power & Energy Systems 63 (2014) 336–346.
[27] S. A. Arefifar, A.-R. M. Yasser, T. H. El-Fouly, Optimum microgrid design
for enhancing reliability and supply-security, IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid 4 (3) (2013) 1567–1575.
[28] J. Wu, X. Guan, Coordinated multi-microgrids optimal control algorithm
for smart distribution management system, IEEE Transactions
on Smart Grid 4 (4) (2013) 2174–2181.
[29] R. Yokoyama, T. Niimura, N. Saito, Modeling and evaluation of supply
reliability of microgrids including pv and wind power, in: Power and
Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical
Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE, IEEE, 2008, pp. 1–5.
[30] E. Atashpaz-Gargari, C. Lucas, Imperialist competitive algorithm: an
algorithm for optimization inspired by imperialistic competition, in:
2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2007, pp. 4661–
4667.
[31] A. Y. Saber, G. K. Venayagamoorthy, Efficient utilization of renewable
energy sources by gridable vehicles in cyber-physical energy systems,
IEEE Systems Journal 4 (3) (2010) 285–294.
[32] T. Niknam, F. Golestaneh, A. Malekpour, Probabilistic energy and operation
management of a microgrid containing wind/photovoltaic/fuel
cell generation and energy storage devices based on point estimate
method and self-adaptive gravitational search algorithm, Energy 43 (1)
(2012) 427–437.
[33] Y. Xiang, J. Liu, Y. Liu, Robust energy management of microgrid with
uncertain renewable generation and load, IEEE Transactions on Smart
Grid 7 (2) (2016) 1034–1043.
[34] M. C. Bozchalui, C. A. Cañizares, K. Bhattacharya, Optimal energy
management of greenhouses in smart grids, IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid 6 (2) (2015) 827–835.
[35] C. Chen, S. Duan, T. Cai, B. Liu, G. Hu, Smart energy management
system for optimal microgrid economic operation, IET renewable
power generation 5 (3) (2011) 258–267.
[36] Y. Zhang, N. Gatsis, G. B. Giannakis, Robust energy management
for microgrids with high-penetration renewables, IEEE Transactions on
Sustainable Energy 4 (4) (2013) 944–953.
[37] E. Crisostomi, M. Liu, M. Raugi, R. Shorten, Plug-and-play distributed
algorithms for optimized power generation in a microgrid, IEEE Transactions
on Smart Grid 5 (4) (2014) 2145–2154.
[38] S. Paudyal, C. A. Canizares, K. Bhattacharya, Optimal operation of distribution
feeders in smart grids, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
58 (10) (2011) 4495–4503.
[39] M. C. Bozchalui, C. A. Cañizares, K. Bhattacharya, Optimal operation
of climate control systems of produce storage facilities in smart grids,
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 6 (1) (2015) 351–359.
[40] R. Allan, R. Billinton, A. Breipohl, C. Grigg, Bibliography on the application
of probability methods in power system reliability evaluation,
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 14 (1) (1999) 51–57.
[41] R. Billinton, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, L. Bertling, Bibliography on the application
of probability methods in power system reliability evaluation
1996-1999, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 16 (4) (2001) 595–
602.
[42] S. A. Arefifar, A.-R. M. Yasser, T. H. El-Fouly, Optimum microgrid design
for enhancing reliability and supply-security, IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid 4 (3) (2013) 1567–1575.
[43] J. A. Martinez-Velasco, G. Guerra, Parallel monte carlo approach for
distribution reliability assessment, IET Generation, Transmission &
Distribution 8 (11) (2014) 1810–1819.
[44] S. Bahramirad, W. Reder, A. Khodaei, Reliability-constrained optimal
sizing of energy storage system in a microgrid, IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid 3 (4) (2012) 2056–2062.
[45] S. Wang, Z. Li, L. Wu, M. Shahidehpour, Z. Li, New metrics for assessing
the reliability and economics of microgrids in distribution system,
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 28 (3) (2013) 2852–2861.
[46] C. J. Booth, G. P. Kurpis, The new IEEE standard dictionary of electrical
and electronics terms, IEEE New York, USA, 1993.
[47] Q. Wang, A. Yang, F. Wen, J. Li, Risk-based security-constrained economic
dispatch in power systems, Journal of Modern Power Systems
and Clean Energy 1 (2) (2013) 142–149.
[48] H. K. Nunna, S. Doolla, Multiagent-based distributed-energy-resource
management for intelligent microgrids, IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Electronics 60 (4) (2013) 1678–1687.
[49] Z. Wang, B. Chen, J. Wang, C. Chen, Networked microgrids for selfhealing
power systems, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 7 (1) (2016)
310–319.
[50] J. Ni, Q. Ai, Economic power transaction using coalitional game strategy
in micro-grids, IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 10 (1)
(2016) 10–18.
[51] M. Fathi, H. Bevrani, Adaptive energy consumption scheduling for connected
microgrids under demand uncertainty, IEEE Transactions on
Power Delivery 28 (3) (2013) 1576–1583.
[52] M. Fathi, H. Bevrani, Statistical cooperative power dispatching in interconnected
microgrids, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 4 (3)
(2013) 586–593.
[53] A. K. Marvasti, Y. Fu, S. DorMohammadi, M. Rais-Rohani, Optimal
operation of active distribution grids: A system of systems framework,
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 5 (3) (2014) 1228–1237.
[54] Z. Wang, B. Chen, J. Wang, M. M. Begovic, C. Chen, Coordinated
energy management of networked microgrids in distribution systems,
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 6 (1) (2015) 45–53.
Published
2017-11-01
How to Cite
NIKMEHR, Nima; NAJAFI-RAVADANEGH, Sajad. Stochastic Risk and Reliability Assessments of Energy Management System in Grid of Microgrids under Uncertainty. Journal of Power Technologies, [S.l.], v. 97, n. 3, p. 179--189, nov. 2017. ISSN 2083-4195. Available at: <https://papers.itc.pw.edu.pl/index.php/JPT/article/view/999>. Date accessed: 28 mar. 2024.
Section
Renewable and Sustainable Energy

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Obs.: This plugin requires at least one statistics/report plugin to be enabled. If your statistics plugins provide more than one metric then please also select a main metric on the admin's site settings page and/or on the journal manager's settings pages.