Experimental research and application possibilities of microcogeneration system with Stirling engine
Abstract
In the first part of this paper there has been the thermodynamic analysis presented, for the microcogeneration system with the Stirling engine, for the working gases most frequently used, among other gases: helium, nitrogen, and air. The methods of performance regulation for the Stirling engine were depicted, among which the increase of the gas pressure in the working chamber and rising of the temperature of the upper heat source can be rated. The results of the experimental tests have been shown: the influence of the growth of pressure and temperature for the working gases, in this experiment they were: helium, nitrogen, and air. In this paper the focus was also placed on the maximum power flow. The tests were performed at the laboratory test stand with the single–action Stirling engine, alpha type, that is located at the Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, at the Integrated Laboratory of the Mechatronic Systems of Vehicles and Construction Machinery. In the second part of this paper the authors presented the power flow in the hybrid system (Senkey diagram) on the internal combustion engine with the Stirling engine, which is employed as a microcogeneration device of the distributed generation. It enables transforming a high-temperature waste heat into mechanical work and transition of mechanical work into electric energy with the help of an electrical appliance, which in consequence makes it possible selling the generated electrical energy to the mains. While analysing the power flow in the hybrid cogeneration system the attention was paid to low-temperature heat which can be utilised through electrical thermogenerators, among other things. The suggested microgeneration assembly (the Stirling engine and electrical thermogenerators) could be applied to regain the energy from the waste heat produced by the combustion engine during combustion of scrap heap biogas. The influence of used microcogeneration systems on the increase in general efficiency of the combustion engine was also taken into consideration in this work. Moreover, there were the test results presented of combustion gases temperatures in the exhaust system of the combustion engine fuelled by scrap heap biogas, with the full-load condition of the combustion engine. The chosen limitations of the Stirling engine build were also discussed, in the situation where it would cooperate with the combustion engine, with waste gases used as a high-temperature heat source.References
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[20] Sripakagorn A., Srikam C.: Design and performance of a moderate temperature difference Stirling engine. Renewable Energy, Vol.36, pp. 1728–1733, 2011.
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[24] Cheng C. H., Yang H. S., Keong L.: Theoretical and experimental study of a 300W beta–type Stirling engine. Energy ,Vol. 59, pp. 590–599, 2013.
[25] Cinar C., Karabulut H.: Manufacturing and testing of a gamma type Stirling engine, Renewable energy, No. 30, pp. 57-66, 2005.
[26] Abbas M., B. Boumeddane, Said N., Chikouche A.: Dish Stirling technology: A 100 MW solar power plant using hydrogen for Algeria, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 36, pp. 4305-4314, 2011.
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[28] Wojciechowski K. T., et. al.: Prototypical thermoelectric generator for waste heat conversion from combustion engines, Combustion engines Vol, 154, No. 3, pp-60-71, 2013.
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[30] Shahat A. E.: PV Module Optiumum Operation Modeling, Journal of Power Technologies, Vol. 94, No. 1, pp. 50-66, 2014.
[31] Chmielewski A., Gumiński R., Radkowski S., Szulim P.: Aspekty wsparcia i rozwoju mikrokogeneracji rozproszonej na terenie Polski, Rynek energii Nr 5(114), pp. 94-101, 2014 (In Polish).
[32] Organ A. J.: The Regenerator and the Stirling engine, Mechanical Engineering Publications, UK, 1997.
[33] Babaelahi M., Sayyaadi H.: Simple-II: A new numerical thermal model for predicting thermal performance of Stirling engines, Energy, Vol. 69, pp. 873-890, 2014.
[34] Shoureshi R.: Analysis and design Of Stirling engines for waste–heat recovery, Doctor Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1984.
[35] Finkelstein T., Organ A. J.: Air Engines. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Press, New York, 2001.
[36] Walter G.: Stirling engines. Oxford University Press, Oxford,1980.
[37] Martini W.: Stirling Engine Design Manual. Martini Engineering, Washington, 1983.
[38] Żmudzki S.: Stirling engines, PWN, Warsaw 1993.
[39] Berchowitz D. Stirling cycle engine design and optimalization, Doctor Thesis, Ohio, 1986
[40] Igobo O. N., Davies P. A.: Review of low-temperature vapour power cycle engines with quasi-isothermal expansion, Energy, Vol. 70, pp. 22-34, 2014.
[41] Chmielewski A. et al.: Thermodynamic analysis and experimental research on cogeneration system with Stirling engine, Wulfenia Journal, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2014.
[42] Chmielewski A., Radkowski S., Szczurowski S.: Analiza rozpływu mocy w układzie kogeneracyjnym z silnikiem Stirlinga, Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów, Vol. 98, No. 2, pp. 73-81, 2014 (in Polish).
[43] Gewald D., Siokos K., Karellas S., Spliethoff H.: Waste heat recovery from a landfill gas-fired power plant, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16, pp. 1779-1789, 2012.
[2] Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliment and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC.
[3] Caresana F., Brandoni C., Feliciotti P. Bartolini C. M.: Energy and economic analysis of an ICE-based variable speed-operated micro-cogenerator, Applied Energy, Vol. 88, pp. 659-671, 2011.
[4] G. Shu, Liang Y., Wei H., Tian H., Zhao J., Liu L.: A review of waste heat recovery on two-stroke IC engine aboard ships, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 19, pp. 385-401, 2013.
[5] Wierzbicki, S.: Laboratory Control and Measurement System of a Dual-Fuel Compression Ignition Combustion Engine Operating in a Cogeneration System, Solid State Phenomena, Vol. 210, pp. 200–205, 2014.
[6] Fu J., Liu J., Ren C., Wang L., Deng B., Xu Z.: An open steam power cycle used for IC engine exhaust gas energy recovery, Elsevier, Energy, Nb. 44, pp. 544–554, 2012.
[7] Szczęśniak A., Milewski J.: The reduced order model of a proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell, Journal of Power Technologies, Vol. 94, No. 2, pp. 122-127, 2014.
[8] Obara S., Tanno I., Kito S., Hoshic A., Sasaki S.: Exergy analysis of the woody biomass Stirling engine and PEM-FC combined system with exhaust heat reforming”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 33, pp. 2289-2299, 2008.
[9] Ismail M. S., Moghavvemi M., Mahlia T. M. I.: Current utilization of microturbines as a part of a hybrid system in distributed generation technology, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 21, pp. 142-152, 2013.
[10] Wang T., Zhang Y., Shu C.: A review of researches on thermal exhaust heat recovery with Rankine cycle, Elsevier, Renewable and Sustainable energy reviews, Nb. 15, pp. 2862 – 2871, 2011.
[11] Vaja I., Gambarotta A.: Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) bottoming with Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs), Elsevier, Energy, Nb. 35, pp.1084 – 1093, 2010.
[12] Kalina J.: Integrated biomass gasification combined cycle distributed generation plant with reciprocating gas engine and ORC, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 31, pp. 2829-2840, 2011.
[13] Renzi M., Brandoni C.: Study and application of a regenerative Stirling cogeneration device based on biomass combustion, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 67, pp. 341-351, 2014.
[14] García D., González M. A., Prieto J. I., Herrero S., López S., Mesonero I., Villasante C.: Characterization of the power and efficiency of Stirling engine subsystems, Applied Energy, Vol. 121, pp. 51-63, 2014.
[15] Xiao G., Chen C., Shi B., Cen K., Ni M.: Experimental study on heat transfer of oscillating flow of a tubular Stirling engine heater, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 71, pp. 1-7, 2014.
[16] Rogdakis E. D., Antonakos G.D., Koronaki I.P.: Thermodynamic analysis and experimental investigation of a Solo V161 Stirling cogeneration unit. Energy No.45, pp. 503–511, 2012.
[17] Karabulut H., Huseyin, Yucesu S., Cınar C., Aksoy F. An experimental study on the development of a β–type Stirling engine for low and moderate temperature heat sources. Applied Energy No.86, pp. 68–73, 2009.
[18] Cinar C., Yucesu S., Topgul T., Okur M.: Beta–type Stirling engine operating at atmospheric pressure. Applied Energy No. 81, pp. 351–357, 2005.
[19] Batmaz I., Ustun S.: Design and manufacturing of a V–type Stirling engine with double heaters. Applied Energy No. 85, pp. 1041–1049, 2008.
[20] Sripakagorn A., Srikam C.: Design and performance of a moderate temperature difference Stirling engine. Renewable Energy, Vol.36, pp. 1728–1733, 2011.
[21] Ahmadi M. H., Sayyaadi H., Dehghani S., Hosseinzade H.: Designing a solar powered Stirling heat engine based on multiple criteria: Maximized thermal efficiency and power. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 75, pp. 282–291, 2013.
[22] Li T., Tang D. W., Li Z., Du J., Zhou T., Jia Y.: Development and test of a Stirling engine driven by waste gases for the micro–CHP system. Applied Thermal Engineering Vol. 33–34, pp. 119–123, 2012.
[23] Thombare D. G., Verma S. K.: Technological development in the Stirling cycle engines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, No. 12, pp. 1–38, 2008.
[24] Cheng C. H., Yang H. S., Keong L.: Theoretical and experimental study of a 300W beta–type Stirling engine. Energy ,Vol. 59, pp. 590–599, 2013.
[25] Cinar C., Karabulut H.: Manufacturing and testing of a gamma type Stirling engine, Renewable energy, No. 30, pp. 57-66, 2005.
[26] Abbas M., B. Boumeddane, Said N., Chikouche A.: Dish Stirling technology: A 100 MW solar power plant using hydrogen for Algeria, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 36, pp. 4305-4314, 2011.
[27] Chicco G., Mancarella P. Distributed multi-generation: A comprehensive view, Renewable and Sustainable energy Reviews, Vol. 13, pp. 535-551, 2009.
[28] Wojciechowski K. T., et. al.: Prototypical thermoelectric generator for waste heat conversion from combustion engines, Combustion engines Vol, 154, No. 3, pp-60-71, 2013.
[29] Lubikowski K. et al.: Analysis of Possibility of Use Peltier Modules in Task of Energy Scavenging, Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 588, pp. 1-11, 2014.
[30] Shahat A. E.: PV Module Optiumum Operation Modeling, Journal of Power Technologies, Vol. 94, No. 1, pp. 50-66, 2014.
[31] Chmielewski A., Gumiński R., Radkowski S., Szulim P.: Aspekty wsparcia i rozwoju mikrokogeneracji rozproszonej na terenie Polski, Rynek energii Nr 5(114), pp. 94-101, 2014 (In Polish).
[32] Organ A. J.: The Regenerator and the Stirling engine, Mechanical Engineering Publications, UK, 1997.
[33] Babaelahi M., Sayyaadi H.: Simple-II: A new numerical thermal model for predicting thermal performance of Stirling engines, Energy, Vol. 69, pp. 873-890, 2014.
[34] Shoureshi R.: Analysis and design Of Stirling engines for waste–heat recovery, Doctor Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1984.
[35] Finkelstein T., Organ A. J.: Air Engines. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Press, New York, 2001.
[36] Walter G.: Stirling engines. Oxford University Press, Oxford,1980.
[37] Martini W.: Stirling Engine Design Manual. Martini Engineering, Washington, 1983.
[38] Żmudzki S.: Stirling engines, PWN, Warsaw 1993.
[39] Berchowitz D. Stirling cycle engine design and optimalization, Doctor Thesis, Ohio, 1986
[40] Igobo O. N., Davies P. A.: Review of low-temperature vapour power cycle engines with quasi-isothermal expansion, Energy, Vol. 70, pp. 22-34, 2014.
[41] Chmielewski A. et al.: Thermodynamic analysis and experimental research on cogeneration system with Stirling engine, Wulfenia Journal, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2014.
[42] Chmielewski A., Radkowski S., Szczurowski S.: Analiza rozpływu mocy w układzie kogeneracyjnym z silnikiem Stirlinga, Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów, Vol. 98, No. 2, pp. 73-81, 2014 (in Polish).
[43] Gewald D., Siokos K., Karellas S., Spliethoff H.: Waste heat recovery from a landfill gas-fired power plant, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16, pp. 1779-1789, 2012.
Published
2015-04-27
How to Cite
CHMIELEWSKI, Adrian Albin et al.
Experimental research and application possibilities of microcogeneration system with Stirling engine.
Journal of Power Technologies, [S.l.], v. 95, n. 5, p. 14--22, apr. 2015.
ISSN 2083-4195.
Available at: <https://papers.itc.pw.edu.pl/index.php/JPT/article/view/647>. Date accessed: 05 nov. 2024.
Section
Polish Energy Mix 2014
Keywords
Microcogeneration, Stirling engine, thermodynamic analyses, hybrid system
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