Heat Transfer Enhancement of Graphite–modified Concrete Energy Piles
Abstract
Designed for utilizing the ground-source systems for heating and cooling, the use of energy piles in commercial and residentialbuildings has increased exponentially especially in Europe. The heat transfer efficiency of energy piles may directly influencethe energy-saving effect on buildings. Apart from the optimization of pipe laying, many other factors can also influence theheat transfer efficiency of energy piles. In this study, a new method that can increase the heat transfer efficiency of energypiles was proposed to explore the influences of adding graphite powder with high thermal conductivity to pile concrete on theheat transfer efficiency of energy piles. The thermal resistance models of energy piles in three different pipe-burying modeswere constructed by combining the 2D plane method and the heat transfer mechanism of energy piles. The internal heattransfer characteristics of energy piles at different temperatures, graphite contents, and pipe-burying modes were discussedby combining the indoor thermal conductivity test of graphite-modified concrete. The external heat transfer characteristicsof graphite-modified concrete energy piles were analyzed through numerical simulation analysis. Results demonstrate thatthe increase in graphite contents is beneficial to heat transfer in energy piles. In particular, thermal conductivity significantlyincreases when the graphite content exceeds 5%. The high temperature in the pipe is also conducive to the thermal conductivityof the energy pile. The thermal conductivity of the concrete samples with 8% graphite content in an environment at 40°Cis 1.35 times that at 20°C. The heat transfer efficiency of the spiral coil-type energy pile is higher than those of single-U anddouble-U tube energy piles. The proposed method provides a certain reference for improving the heat transfer efficiency ofenergy piles and constructing the internal and external heat transfer models in energy piles.References
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[2] N. Yavari, A. M. Tang, J.-M. Pereira, G. Hassen, Mechanical behaviour
of a small-scale energy pile in saturated clay, Géotechnique 66 (11)
(2016) 878–887.
[3] C. K. Lee, H. N. Lam, A simplified model of energy pile for groundsource
heat pump systems, Energy 55 (1) (2013) 838–845.
[4] A. A. Mehrizi, S. Porkhial, B. Bezyan, H. Lotfizadeh, Energy pile foundation
simulation for different configurations of ground source heat exchanger,
International Communications in Heat & Mass Transfer 70
(2016) 105–114.
[5] D. Rammal, H. Mroueh, S. Burlon, Impact of thermal solicitations on
the design of energy piles, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
92 (2018) 111–120.
[6] G. H. Go, S. Yoon, D. W. Park, S. R. Lee, Thermal behavior of energy
pile considering ground thermal conductivity and thermal interference
between piles, Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers 33 (6)
(2013) 19–28.
[7] R. Caulk, E. Ghazanfari, J. S. McCartney, Parameterization of a calibrated
geothermal energy pile model, Geomechanics for Energy & the
Environment 5 (2016) 1–15.
[8] P. Cui, X. Li, Y. Man, Z. Fang, Heat transfer analysis of pile geothermal
heat exchangers with spiral coils, Applied Energy 88 (11) (2011) 4113–
4119.
[9] H. Park, S. R. Lee, S. Yoon, J. C. Choi, Evaluation of thermal response
and performance of phc energy pile: Field experiments and numerical
simulation, Applied Energy 103 (1) (2013) 12–24.
[10] F. A, M. R, T. M, H. P. A, Numerical modeling of thermal response tests
in energy piles, Journal of Natural Medicines 68 (3) (2014) 505–512.
[11] K. Morino, T. Oka, Study on heat exchanged in soil by circulating water
in a steel pile, Energy & Buildings 21 (1) (1994) 65–78.
[12] D. Pahud, A. Fromentin, M. Hubbuch, Heat exchanger pile system for
heating and cooling at zu rich airport, IEA Heat Pump 17 (1) (1999)
15–16.
[13] Y. Hamada, H. Saitoh, M. Nakamura, H. Kubota, K. Ochifuji, Field performance
of an energy pile system for space heating, Energy & Buildings
39 (5) (2007) 517–524.
[14] A. Zarrella, M. D. Carli, A. Galgaro, Thermal performance of two types
of energy foundation pile: Helical pipe and triple u-tube, Applied Thermal
Engineering 61 (2) (2013) 301–310.
[15] F. Dupray, L. Laloui, A. Kazangba, Numerical analysis of seasonal heat
storage in an energy pile foundation, Computers & Geotechnics 55 (1)
(2014) 67–77.
[16] G. H. Go, S. R. Lee, S. Yoon, H. B. Kang, Design of spiral coil
phc energy pile considering effective borehole thermal resistance and
groundwater advection effects, Applied Energy 125 (2) (2014) 165–
178.
[17] S. Park, D. Lee, H. J. Choi, K. Jung, H. Choi, Relative constructability
and thermal performance of cast-in-place concrete energy pile: Coiltype
ghex (ground heat exchanger), Energy 81 (2015) 56–66.
[18] A. Carotenuto, P. Marotta, N. Massarotti, A. Mauro, G. Normino, Energy
piles for ground source heat pump applications: comparison of
heat transfer performance for different design and operating parameters,
Applied Thermal Engineering 124 (2017) 1492–1504.
[19] K. Li, X. Zhang, J. Gao, J. Liu, Research of heat transfer performance
of pile-foundation ground-coupled heat pump and soil temperature
rise, 2008, pp. 54–59.
[20] W. Zhang, J. Liu, T. Huang, D. Wu, B. H. Fang, Heat transfer analysis
of the ground heat exchanger inside foundation piles, Refrigeration &
Air Conditioning: Sichuan 23 (4) (2009) 105–108.
[21] X. Li, Z. Chen, J. Zhao, L. Li, Y. Ma, Experiment and numerical simulation
on u-vertical ground coupled heat exchanger with sandstone and
cement backfills, Journal of Tianjin University 38 (8) (2005) 679–683.
[22] J. Zhao, T. Wu, Q. Zhu, Y. Gong, Thermal simulation on the steady
heat transfer of the u-tube energy piles heat exchanger, Acta Energiae
Solaris Sinica 26 (1) (2005) 59–62.
[23] Z. Chen, S. Zhao, Z. Zhang, Heat transfer analysis of energy piles
with parallel connected u-tubes, Engineering Mechanics 30 (5) (2013)
238–243.
[24] X. Li, H. Guo, X. Cheng, Experimental and numerical study on temperature
distribution in energy piles, China Civil Engineering Journal
49 (4) (2016) 102–110.
[25] H. Zhao, S. Gui, R. Tang, J. Du, Applicability of heat transfer model
of energy pile with buried spiral pipe and its experimental verification,
Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute 34 (4) (2017)
111–116.
[26] H. Liu, D. Wu, G. Kong, H. Wu, D. Wu, Thermal response of energy
piles with embedded tube and tied tube, Rock and Soil Mechanics
38 (2) (2017) 333–340.
[27] C. B. M. Academy, Gb/t 17671-1999 method of testing cement–
determination of strength (1999).
[28] C. B. M. Academy, Gb/t 2419-2005 test method for the fluidity of cement
mortar (2005).
Published
2018-12-28
How to Cite
GUO, Haoran et al.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Graphite–modified Concrete Energy Piles.
Journal of Power Technologies, [S.l.], v. 98, n. 4, p. 345–351, dec. 2018.
ISSN 2083-4195.
Available at: <https://papers.itc.pw.edu.pl/index.php/JPT/article/view/1422>. Date accessed: 05 nov. 2024.
Issue
Section
Energy Engineering and Technology
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