Challenges of Implementing Demand Side Management in Developing Countries
Abstract
The energy crisis along with increasing per capita energy consumption of cities and nations poses a worldwide challenge. Smart grid technology facilitates the shift to more sustainable technologies such as microgrids, distributed generation, demand side management, and advanced metering infrastructure. This paper is mainly focused on demand side management (DSM); conventional and recent models of demand side management found in the literature are discussed. Implementation and practices of demand side management at various locations in India are also unveiled. With 16 pilot smart grid projects underway in India, there is a need to report on how smart grid technologies are living up to their potential. It is also essential to identify and discuss related challenges and the issues in the implementation of DSM. This paper focuses on analyzing global best practices in DSM and their implementation to fulfill the estimated potential, particularly in the residential, industrial and agriculture sectors.References
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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 59,
710{725.
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Grid Infrastructure. IEEE Transactions on Power De-
livery, 25 (3), 1501{1507.
13.Yoldas, Y., Onen, A., Muyeen, S.M., Vasilakos,
A.V., and Alan, _Irfan (2017) Enhancing smart
grid with microgrids: Challenges and opportunities.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72,
205{214.
14.Monyei, C.G., and Adewumi, A.O. (2018) Integration
of demand side and supply side energy management
resources for optimal scheduling of demand response
loads { South Africa in focus. Electric Power
Systems Research, 158, 92{104.
15.Gellings, C.W. (1985) The concept of demand-side
management for electric utilities. Proceedings of the
IEEE, 73 (10), 1468{1470.
16.Alasseri, R., Tripathi, A., Rao, T.J., and
Sreekanth, K.J. (2017) A review on implementation
strategies for demand side management (DSM) in
Kuwait through incentive-based demand response programs.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
77, 617{635.
17.Crossley, D. (2008) Worldwide survey of networkdriven
demand-side management projects. Sydney:
IEA DSM Programme.
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best practice programmes for the UK. En-
ergy and Sustainability IV.
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(2003) Guide to energy management, The Fairmont
Press, Inc.
21. REEEP / UNIDO Training Package.
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proposals for future direction. Sustainable Cities and
Society, 11, 22{30.
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Combined Economic Emission Dispatch with Demand
Side Management Using Meta-heuristic Algorithms.
Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises, 52 (2),
143{148.
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regulations. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Re-
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611{618.
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Multi-objective dynamic economic and emission dispatch
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for optimal active power dispatch with pollution control.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Prob-
lems, 4 (3), 113{119.
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Indices for Multi-Objective Demand Side Management
Using Teaching-Learning Based Optimization.
Energies, 12 (3), 370.
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Dispatch in Smart Grid Considering Interaction Between
Generation and Load. IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid, 6 (3), 1443{1452.
33.Muralitharan, K., Sakthivel, R., and Shi, Y. (2016)
Multiobjective optimization technique for demand
side management with load balancing approach in
smart grid. Neurocomputing, 177, 110{119.
34.Et-Tolba, E.H., Maarou, M., and Ouassaid, M.
(2013) Demand side management algorithms and
modeling in smart grids A customer's behavior based
study. 2013 International Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Conference (IRSEC).
35.Joseph, A. (2015) Smart Grid and Retail Competition
in India: A Review on Technological and Managerial
Initiatives and Challenges. Procedia Technology,
21, 155{162.
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system design. 2008 IEEE Power and Energy
Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of
Electrical Energy in the 21st Century.
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Data Aggregation and Dispatch Scheme for Home
Area Networks in Smart Grid. 2011 IEEE Global
Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011.
38.Zafar, R., Mahmood, A., Razzaq, S., Ali, W.,
Naeem, U., and Shehzad, K. (2018) Prosumer
based energy management and sharing in smart
grid. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82,
1675{1684.
39.Wu, Z., and Xia, X. (2018) Tari-driven demand
side management of green ship. Solar Energy, 170,
991{1000.
40.Fadlullah, Z.M., Nozaki, Y., Takeuchi, A., and
Kato, N. (2011) A survey of game theoretic approaches
in smart grid. 2011 International Conference
on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing
(WCSP).
41.Noor, S., Yang, W., Guo, M., Dam, K.H. van, and
Wang, X. (2018) Energy Demand Side Management
within micro-grid networks enhanced by blockchain.
Applied Energy, 228, 1385{1398.
42.Mohsenian-Rad, A.-H., Wong, V.W.S., Jatskevich,
J., Schober, R., and Leon-Garcia, A. (2010)
Autonomous Demand-Side Management Based on
Game-Theoretic Energy Consumption Scheduling for
the Future Smart Grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart
Grid, 1 (3), 320{331.
43.Barbato, A., Capone, A., Chen, L., Martignon, F.,
and Paris, S. (2015) A distributed demand-side management
framework for the smart grid. Computer
Communications, 57, 13{24.
44.Liang, Y., Liu, F., Wang, C., and Mei, S. (2017)
Distributed demand-side energy management scheme
in residential smart grids: An ordinal state-based
potential game approach. Applied Energy, 206,
991{1008.
45.Suhara, Y., Nakabe, T., Mine, G., and Nishi, H.
(2010) Distributed demand side management system
for home energy management. IECON 2010 - 36th
Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics So-
ciety.
46.Gomes, A., Antunes, C.H., and Martins, A.G.
(2007) A Multiple Objective Approach to Direct
Load Control Using an Interactive Evolutionary Algorithm.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 22
(3), 1004{1011.
47.Ruiz, N., Cobelo, I., and Oyarzabal, J. (2009) A
Direct Load Control Model for Virtual Power Plant
Management. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,
24 (2), 959{966.
48.Chu, C.-M., Jong, T.-L., and Huang, Y.-W. A direct
load control of air-conditioning loads with thermal
comfort control. IEEE Power Engineering Society
General Meeting 2005.
49.Wu, X., Duan, B., Yan, Y., and Zhong, Y. (2017)
M2M Blockchain: The Case of Demand Side Management
of Smart Grid. 2017 IEEE 23rd International
Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (IC-
PADS).
50.Amarasekara, B., Ranaweera, C., Evans, R.,
and Nirmalathas, A. (2018) Hierarchical aggregation
method for a scalable implementation of demand side
management. Computers & Operations Research, 96,
188{199.
51.Potter, J., Stuart, E., and Cappers, P. (2018) Barriers
and Opportunities to Broader Adoption of Integrated
Demand Side Management at Electric Utilities:
A Scoping Study.
52.Santo, K.G.D., Santo, S.G.D., Monaro, R.M., and
Saidel, M.A. (2018) Active demand side management
for households in smart grids using optimization and
articial intelligence. Measurement, 115, 152{161.
53.Abdulgader, M., Yang, C., and Kaur, D. (2016) Ef-
cient Energy Management System Based on GA and
Classical Boolean Approach. International Journal of
Computational Intelligence and Applications, 15 (03),
1650012.
54.Agamah, S.U., and Ekonomou, L. (2017) A Heuristic
Combinatorial Optimization Algorithm for Load-
Leveling and Peak Demand Reduction using Energy
Storage Systems. Electric Power Components and
Systems, 45 (19), 2093{2103.
55.G., H.S., and Kazemi, A. (2017) Multi-objective
cost-load optimization for demand side management
of a residential area in smart grids. Sustainable Cities
and Society, 32, 171{180.
56.Bedi, A.S., and Rajawat, K. (2016) Online load
scheduling under price and demand uncertainty in
smart grid. 2016 International Conference on Signal
Processing and Communications (SPCOM).
57.Bazyd lo, G., and Werminski, S. (2018) Demand
side management through home area network systems.
International Journal of Electrical Power & En-
ergy Systems, 97, 174{185.
58.ISGF (2017) Smart grid roadmap for India: vision,
targets and outcomes.
59.Agency, J.I.C. (2012) The study for promoting
practical demand side management program in Indonesia.
60.GSGF (2012) Global smart grid federation report.
61. (2013) Shanghai smart grid, research report.
62.Brown, M.A., and Zhou, S. (2012) Smart-grid policies:
an international review. Wiley Interdisciplinary
Reviews: Energy and Environment, 2 (2), 121{139.
63.SGF (2014) Smart Grid Vision and Routemap.
64.DST (2017) Research, development, demonstration
and deployment of smart grids in India.
65.Thakur, J., and Chakraborty, B. (2016) Demand
side management in developing nations: A mitigating
tool for energy imbalance and peak load management.
Energy, 114, 895{912.
66.Sarkar, A., and Singh, J. (2010) Financing energy
eciency in developing countries|lessons learned
and remaining challenges. Energy Policy, 38 (10),
5560{5571.
67.Zhong, J., Kang, C., and Liu, K. (2010) Demand
side management in China. IEEE PES General Meet-
ing.
68.NSGM (2018) Status of smart grid pilots projects.
69.NSGM Ajmer smart grid pilot project.
70.Rao, M.V.K., and Radhakrishna, C. (1991) Development
of agricultural demand side management
project. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 6 (4),
1466{1472.
71.EESL Agriculture demand side management
(AgDSM).
72.LeBlanc, W.J. (1988) Development and implementation
of an agricultural load management project: a
case study. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 3
(4), 1793{1797.
73. Agriculture DSM.
74.Palensky, P., and Dietrich, D. (2011) Demand Side
Management: Demand Response Intelligent Energy
Systems, and Smart Loads. IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Informatics, 7 (3), 381{388.
75.Wei, W., Liang, Y., Liu, F., Mei, S., and Tian,
F. (2014) Taxing Strategies for Carbon Emissions:
A Bilevel Optimization Approach. Energies, 7 (4),
2228{2245.
76.Kaur, K. (2018) Insights from pilot projects for
scaling up smart grid in India.
77.Goldman, C., Reid, M., Levy, R., and Silverstein,
A. (2010) Coordination of Energy Eciency and Demand
Response.
78.Kappagantu, R., and Daniel, S.A. (2018) Challenges
and issues of smart grid implementation: A
case of Indian scenario. Journal of Electrical Systems
and Information Technology, 5 (3), 453{467.
79.Rekha, S. (2019) Role of smart grid in power sector
and challenges for its implementation: A review on
Indian scenario. Journal of Renewable Energy and
Smart Grid Technology, 14 (1).
80.Bedi, A.S., Ahmad, M.W., Rajawat, K., and
Anand, S. (2017) Optimal utilization of storage systems
under real-time pricing. 2017 IEEE Inter-
national Conference on Communications Workshops
(ICC Workshops).
81.Gatsis, N., and Giannakis, G.B. (2012) Residential
Load Control: Distributed Scheduling and Convergence
With Lost AMI Messages. IEEE Transactions
on Smart Grid, 3 (2), 770{786.
82.ISGN (2018) Dynamic tari structures for demand
side management and demand response.
energy-2018.
2.CEA (2018) Executive summary of power sector.
3.ISGF (2015) India smart grid week, March 2015.
4. SG Technologies.
5.Khan, A.R., Mahmood, A., Safdar, A., Khan, Z.A.,
and Khan, N.A. (2016) Load forecasting, dynamic
pricing and DSM in smart grid: A review. Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 1311{1322.
6.NIST smart-grid-beginners-guide.
7.SEAI Smart Grid Education.
8.Saad, M., and Shahid, W. (2014) Demand Site
Management and Demand Response. Technology,
Operations Management & Production eJournal.
9.ISGF Smart grid knowledge.
10.Gungor, V.C., Sahin, D., Kocak, T., Ergut, S.,
Buccella, C., Cecati, C., and Hancke, G.P. (2011)
Smart grid technologies: Communication technologies
and standards. IEEE transactions on Industrial
informatics, 7 (4), 529{539.
11.Tuballa, M.L., and Abundo, M.L. (2016) A review
of the development of Smart Grid technologies.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 59,
710{725.
12.Ericsson, G.N. (2010) Cyber Security and Power
System Communication|Essential Parts of a Smart
Grid Infrastructure. IEEE Transactions on Power De-
livery, 25 (3), 1501{1507.
13.Yoldas, Y., Onen, A., Muyeen, S.M., Vasilakos,
A.V., and Alan, _Irfan (2017) Enhancing smart
grid with microgrids: Challenges and opportunities.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72,
205{214.
14.Monyei, C.G., and Adewumi, A.O. (2018) Integration
of demand side and supply side energy management
resources for optimal scheduling of demand response
loads { South Africa in focus. Electric Power
Systems Research, 158, 92{104.
15.Gellings, C.W. (1985) The concept of demand-side
management for electric utilities. Proceedings of the
IEEE, 73 (10), 1468{1470.
16.Alasseri, R., Tripathi, A., Rao, T.J., and
Sreekanth, K.J. (2017) A review on implementation
strategies for demand side management (DSM) in
Kuwait through incentive-based demand response programs.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
77, 617{635.
17.Crossley, D. (2008) Worldwide survey of networkdriven
demand-side management projects. Sydney:
IEA DSM Programme.
18.BEE International multilateral programs.
19.Warren, P. (2013) Electricity demand-side management:
best practice programmes for the UK. En-
ergy and Sustainability IV.
20.Capehart, B.L., Turner, W.C., and Kennedy, W.J.
(2003) Guide to energy management, The Fairmont
Press, Inc.
21. REEEP / UNIDO Training Package.
22.Gelazanskas, L., and Gamage, K.A.A. (2014) Demand
side management in smart grid: A review and
proposals for future direction. Sustainable Cities and
Society, 11, 22{30.
23.Goyal, G., and Vadhera, S. (2019) Solution of
Combined Economic Emission Dispatch with Demand
Side Management Using Meta-heuristic Algorithms.
Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises, 52 (2),
143{148.
24.Harish, V.S.K.V., and Kumar, A. (2014) Demand
side management in India: Action plan policies and
regulations. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Re-
views, 33, 613{624.
25.Derakhshan, G., Shayanfar, H.A., and Kazemi, A.
(2016) The optimization of demand response programs
in smart grids. Energy Policy, 94, 295{306.
26.Mellouk, L., Boulmalf, M., Aaroud, A., Zine-Dine,
K., and Benhaddou, D. (2018) Genetic Algorithm to
Solve Demand Side Management and Economic Dispatch
Problem. Procedia Computer Science, 130,
611{618.
27.Lokeshgupta, B., and Sivasubramani, S. (2018)
Multi-objective dynamic economic and emission dispatch
with demand side management. International
Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 97,
334{343.
28.Wu, Z., and Xia, X. (2017) A Portfolio Approach
of Demand Side Management. IFAC-PapersOnLine,
50 (1), 171{176.
29.Batista, A.C., and Batista, L.S. (2018) Demand
Side Management using a multi-criteria -constraint
based exact approach. Expert Systems with Applica-
tions, 99, 180{192.
30.Sen, G., Sharma, J., Goyal, G., and Singh, A.
(2017) A Multi-objective PSO (MOPSO) algorithm
for optimal active power dispatch with pollution control.
Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Prob-
lems, 4 (3), 113{119.
31.Singh, M., and Jha, R. (2019) Object-Oriented Usability
Indices for Multi-Objective Demand Side Management
Using Teaching-Learning Based Optimization.
Energies, 12 (3), 370.
32.Liu, J., and Li, J. (2015) A Bi-Level Energy-Saving
Dispatch in Smart Grid Considering Interaction Between
Generation and Load. IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid, 6 (3), 1443{1452.
33.Muralitharan, K., Sakthivel, R., and Shi, Y. (2016)
Multiobjective optimization technique for demand
side management with load balancing approach in
smart grid. Neurocomputing, 177, 110{119.
34.Et-Tolba, E.H., Maarou, M., and Ouassaid, M.
(2013) Demand side management algorithms and
modeling in smart grids A customer's behavior based
study. 2013 International Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Conference (IRSEC).
35.Joseph, A. (2015) Smart Grid and Retail Competition
in India: A Review on Technological and Managerial
Initiatives and Challenges. Procedia Technology,
21, 155{162.
36.Brown, R.E. (2008) Impact of Smart Grid on distribution
system design. 2008 IEEE Power and Energy
Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of
Electrical Energy in the 21st Century.
37.Yan, Y., Qian, Y., and Sharif, H. (2011) A Secure
Data Aggregation and Dispatch Scheme for Home
Area Networks in Smart Grid. 2011 IEEE Global
Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011.
38.Zafar, R., Mahmood, A., Razzaq, S., Ali, W.,
Naeem, U., and Shehzad, K. (2018) Prosumer
based energy management and sharing in smart
grid. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82,
1675{1684.
39.Wu, Z., and Xia, X. (2018) Tari-driven demand
side management of green ship. Solar Energy, 170,
991{1000.
40.Fadlullah, Z.M., Nozaki, Y., Takeuchi, A., and
Kato, N. (2011) A survey of game theoretic approaches
in smart grid. 2011 International Conference
on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing
(WCSP).
41.Noor, S., Yang, W., Guo, M., Dam, K.H. van, and
Wang, X. (2018) Energy Demand Side Management
within micro-grid networks enhanced by blockchain.
Applied Energy, 228, 1385{1398.
42.Mohsenian-Rad, A.-H., Wong, V.W.S., Jatskevich,
J., Schober, R., and Leon-Garcia, A. (2010)
Autonomous Demand-Side Management Based on
Game-Theoretic Energy Consumption Scheduling for
the Future Smart Grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart
Grid, 1 (3), 320{331.
43.Barbato, A., Capone, A., Chen, L., Martignon, F.,
and Paris, S. (2015) A distributed demand-side management
framework for the smart grid. Computer
Communications, 57, 13{24.
44.Liang, Y., Liu, F., Wang, C., and Mei, S. (2017)
Distributed demand-side energy management scheme
in residential smart grids: An ordinal state-based
potential game approach. Applied Energy, 206,
991{1008.
45.Suhara, Y., Nakabe, T., Mine, G., and Nishi, H.
(2010) Distributed demand side management system
for home energy management. IECON 2010 - 36th
Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics So-
ciety.
46.Gomes, A., Antunes, C.H., and Martins, A.G.
(2007) A Multiple Objective Approach to Direct
Load Control Using an Interactive Evolutionary Algorithm.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 22
(3), 1004{1011.
47.Ruiz, N., Cobelo, I., and Oyarzabal, J. (2009) A
Direct Load Control Model for Virtual Power Plant
Management. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,
24 (2), 959{966.
48.Chu, C.-M., Jong, T.-L., and Huang, Y.-W. A direct
load control of air-conditioning loads with thermal
comfort control. IEEE Power Engineering Society
General Meeting 2005.
49.Wu, X., Duan, B., Yan, Y., and Zhong, Y. (2017)
M2M Blockchain: The Case of Demand Side Management
of Smart Grid. 2017 IEEE 23rd International
Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (IC-
PADS).
50.Amarasekara, B., Ranaweera, C., Evans, R.,
and Nirmalathas, A. (2018) Hierarchical aggregation
method for a scalable implementation of demand side
management. Computers & Operations Research, 96,
188{199.
51.Potter, J., Stuart, E., and Cappers, P. (2018) Barriers
and Opportunities to Broader Adoption of Integrated
Demand Side Management at Electric Utilities:
A Scoping Study.
52.Santo, K.G.D., Santo, S.G.D., Monaro, R.M., and
Saidel, M.A. (2018) Active demand side management
for households in smart grids using optimization and
articial intelligence. Measurement, 115, 152{161.
53.Abdulgader, M., Yang, C., and Kaur, D. (2016) Ef-
cient Energy Management System Based on GA and
Classical Boolean Approach. International Journal of
Computational Intelligence and Applications, 15 (03),
1650012.
54.Agamah, S.U., and Ekonomou, L. (2017) A Heuristic
Combinatorial Optimization Algorithm for Load-
Leveling and Peak Demand Reduction using Energy
Storage Systems. Electric Power Components and
Systems, 45 (19), 2093{2103.
55.G., H.S., and Kazemi, A. (2017) Multi-objective
cost-load optimization for demand side management
of a residential area in smart grids. Sustainable Cities
and Society, 32, 171{180.
56.Bedi, A.S., and Rajawat, K. (2016) Online load
scheduling under price and demand uncertainty in
smart grid. 2016 International Conference on Signal
Processing and Communications (SPCOM).
57.Bazyd lo, G., and Werminski, S. (2018) Demand
side management through home area network systems.
International Journal of Electrical Power & En-
ergy Systems, 97, 174{185.
58.ISGF (2017) Smart grid roadmap for India: vision,
targets and outcomes.
59.Agency, J.I.C. (2012) The study for promoting
practical demand side management program in Indonesia.
60.GSGF (2012) Global smart grid federation report.
61. (2013) Shanghai smart grid, research report.
62.Brown, M.A., and Zhou, S. (2012) Smart-grid policies:
an international review. Wiley Interdisciplinary
Reviews: Energy and Environment, 2 (2), 121{139.
63.SGF (2014) Smart Grid Vision and Routemap.
64.DST (2017) Research, development, demonstration
and deployment of smart grids in India.
65.Thakur, J., and Chakraborty, B. (2016) Demand
side management in developing nations: A mitigating
tool for energy imbalance and peak load management.
Energy, 114, 895{912.
66.Sarkar, A., and Singh, J. (2010) Financing energy
eciency in developing countries|lessons learned
and remaining challenges. Energy Policy, 38 (10),
5560{5571.
67.Zhong, J., Kang, C., and Liu, K. (2010) Demand
side management in China. IEEE PES General Meet-
ing.
68.NSGM (2018) Status of smart grid pilots projects.
69.NSGM Ajmer smart grid pilot project.
70.Rao, M.V.K., and Radhakrishna, C. (1991) Development
of agricultural demand side management
project. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 6 (4),
1466{1472.
71.EESL Agriculture demand side management
(AgDSM).
72.LeBlanc, W.J. (1988) Development and implementation
of an agricultural load management project: a
case study. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 3
(4), 1793{1797.
73. Agriculture DSM.
74.Palensky, P., and Dietrich, D. (2011) Demand Side
Management: Demand Response Intelligent Energy
Systems, and Smart Loads. IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Informatics, 7 (3), 381{388.
75.Wei, W., Liang, Y., Liu, F., Mei, S., and Tian,
F. (2014) Taxing Strategies for Carbon Emissions:
A Bilevel Optimization Approach. Energies, 7 (4),
2228{2245.
76.Kaur, K. (2018) Insights from pilot projects for
scaling up smart grid in India.
77.Goldman, C., Reid, M., Levy, R., and Silverstein,
A. (2010) Coordination of Energy Eciency and Demand
Response.
78.Kappagantu, R., and Daniel, S.A. (2018) Challenges
and issues of smart grid implementation: A
case of Indian scenario. Journal of Electrical Systems
and Information Technology, 5 (3), 453{467.
79.Rekha, S. (2019) Role of smart grid in power sector
and challenges for its implementation: A review on
Indian scenario. Journal of Renewable Energy and
Smart Grid Technology, 14 (1).
80.Bedi, A.S., Ahmad, M.W., Rajawat, K., and
Anand, S. (2017) Optimal utilization of storage systems
under real-time pricing. 2017 IEEE Inter-
national Conference on Communications Workshops
(ICC Workshops).
81.Gatsis, N., and Giannakis, G.B. (2012) Residential
Load Control: Distributed Scheduling and Convergence
With Lost AMI Messages. IEEE Transactions
on Smart Grid, 3 (2), 770{786.
82.ISGN (2018) Dynamic tari structures for demand
side management and demand response.
Published
2020-04-06
How to Cite
GOYAL, GOVIND RAI; VADHERA, Shelly.
Challenges of Implementing Demand Side Management in Developing Countries.
Journal of Power Technologies, [S.l.], v. 100, n. 1, p. 43-58, apr. 2020.
ISSN 2083-4195.
Available at: <https://papers.itc.pw.edu.pl/index.php/JPT/article/view/1546>. Date accessed: 20 apr. 2024.
Issue
Section
Electrical Engineering
Keywords
Demand Side Management; Demand Response; Energy Management; Smart Grid
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