A comparative review of electrical energy storage systems for better sustainability

  • Pavlos Nikolaidis Department of Electrical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology
  • Andreas Poullikkas Chair and Professor of Power Systems Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering and Informatics Cyprus University of Technology

Abstract

The accelerated growth of the energy economy is still highly dependent on finite fossil fuel reserves. Modern power systemscould not exist without the many forms of electricity storage that can be integrated at different levels of the power chain. Thiswork contains a review of the most important applications in which storage provides electricity-market opportunities along withother benefits such as arbitrage, balancing and reserve power sources, voltage and frequency control, investment deferral,cost management and load shaping and levelling. Using a 5 function normalization technique a comparative assessmentof 19 electrical energy storage (EES) technologies, based on their technical and operational characteristics, is carried outand the technology-application pairs identified across the power chain are presented. In terms of safety and simplicity, Pbacidand Li-ion systems are viable options for small-scale residential applications, while advanced Pb-acid and molten-saltbatteries are suited to medium-to-large scale applications including commercial and industrial consumers. In addition totheir expected use in the transportation sector in the coming years, regenerative fuel cells and flow batteries have intriguingpotential to offer in stationary applications once they are mature for commercialization. For large-scale/energy-managementapplications, pumped hydro is the most reliable energy storage option (over compressed-air alternatives) whereas flywheels,supercapacitors and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) are still focused on power-based applications. Asdifferent parts in the power system involve different stakeholders and services, each technology with its own benefits andweaknesses requires research and development in order to emerge over others and contribute to more effective energyproduction in the future.

Author Biography

Andreas Poullikkas, Chair and Professor of Power Systems Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering and Informatics Cyprus University of Technology
Prof.

References

[1] I. Hadjipaschalis, A. Poullikkas, V. Efthimiou, Overview of current and
future energy storage technologies for electric power applications,
Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 13 (6) (2009) 1513–1522.
[2] H. Guasch, A. Serra, N. Corcoll, B. Bonet, M. Leira, Metal ecotoxicology
in fluvial biofilms: potential influence of water scarcity, in: Water
scarcity in the Mediterranean, Springer, 2010, pp. 41–53.
[3] H. Lund, Renewable energy strategies for sustainable development,
Energy 32 (6) (2007) 912–919.
[4] T. N. Vezirog˘ lu, S. S¸ ahi, et al., 21st century s energy hydrogen energy
system, Energy conversion and management 49 (7) (2008) 1820–
1831.
[5] A. Zahedi, Maximizing solar pv energy penetration using energy storage
technology, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (1)
(2011) 866–870.
[6] A. Poullikkas, S. Papadouris, G. Kourtis, I. Hadjipaschalis, Storage
solutions for power quality problems in cyprus electricity distribution
network, AIMS Energy 2 (2014) 1–17.
[7] J. Kaldellis, D. Zafirakis, E. Kaldelli, K. Kavadias, Cost benefit analysis
of a photovoltaic-energy storage electrification solution for remote
islands, Renewable energy 34 (5) (2009) 1299–1311.
[8] M. Balat, Electricity from worldwide energy sources, Energy Sources,
Part B 1 (4) (2006) 395–412.
[9] R. M. Dell, D. A. J. Rand, Energy storage, key technology for global
energy sustainability, Journal of Power Sources 100 (1) (2001) 2–17.
[10] J. Baker, New technology and possible advances in energy storage,
Energy Policy 36 (12) (2008) 4368–4373.
[11] P. Poonpun, W. T. Jewell, Analysis of the cost per kilowatt hour
to store electricity, IEEE Transactions on energy conversion 23 (2)
(2008) 529–534.
[12] Ecofys, S¸ Energy Storage Opportunities and Challenges Energy Storage
Opportunities and Challenges,ˇT 2014.
[13] B. Hodges and M. Sheriff, S¸Moving Energy Storage from Concept to
Reality,ˇT Energy, pp. 1U˝ 79, 2011.
[14] P. Medina, A. W. Bizuayehu, J. P. Catalao, E. M. Rodrigues, J. Contreras,
Electrical energy storage systems: Technologies’ state-of-theart,
techno-economic benefits and applications analysis, in: System
Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on,
IEEE, 2014, pp. 2295–2304.
[15] S. Sabihuddin, A. E. Kiprakis, M. Mueller, A numerical and graphical
review of energy storage technologies, Energies 8 (1) (2014) 172–
216.
[16] J. P. Deane, B. Ó. Gallachóir, E. McKeogh, Techno-economic review
of existing and new pumped hydro energy storage plant, Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (4) (2010) 1293–1302.
[17] J. Kaldellis, Integrated electrification solution for autonomous electrical
networks on the basis of res and energy storage configurations,
Energy Conversion and Management 49 (12) (2008) 3708–3720.
[18] H. Chen, T. N. Cong, W. Yang, C. Tan, Y. Li, Y. Ding, Progress in electrical
energy storage system: A critical review, Progress in Natural
Science 19 (3) (2009) 291–312.
[19] C.-J. Yang, R. B. Jackson, Opportunities and barriers to pumpedhydro
energy storage in the united states, Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews 15 (1) (2011) 839–844.
[20] B. Roberts, ¸ SCapturing Grid Power 32,ˇT no. august, pp. 32U˝ 41,
2009.
[21] J. Pittock, Better management of hydropower in an era of climate
change, Water Alternatives 3 (2) (2010) 444.
[22] A. I. Federal, ¸ SExecutive Summary,ˇT 1972.
[23] J. S. Anagnostopoulos, D. E. Papantonis, Pumping station design for
a pumped-storage wind-hydro power plant, Energy Conversion and
Management 48 (11) (2007) 3009–3017.
[24] J. A. Suul, K. Uhlen, T. Undeland, Wind power integration in isolated
grids enabled by variable speed pumped storage hydropower plant,
in: Sustainable Energy Technologies, 2008. ICSET 2008. IEEE International
Conference on, IEEE, 2008, pp. 399–404.
[25] J. A. Suul, K. Uhlen, T. Undeland, et al., Variable speed pumped storage
hydropower for integration of wind energy in isolated grids: case
description and control strategies, in: NordicWorkshop on Power and
Industrial Electronics (NORPIE/2008), June 9-11, 2008, Espoo, Finland,
Helsinki University of Technology, 2008.
[26] D. Akinyele, R. Rayudu, Review of energy storage technologies for
sustainable power networks, Sustainable Energy Technologies and
Assessments 8 (2014) 74–91.
[27] A. Oberhofer, P. Meisen, Energy storage technologies & their role in
renewable integration, Global Energy Network Institute 1.
[28] H. Lund, G. Salgi, The role of compressed air energy storage (caes)
in future sustainable energy systems, Energy Conversion and Management
50 (5) (2009) 1172–1179.
[29] H. Ibrahim, A. Ilinca, J. Perron, Energy storage systems - characteristics
and comparisons, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews
12 (5) (2008) 1221–1250.
[30] J. B. Greenblatt, S. Succar, D. C. Denkenberger, R. H. Williams, R. H.
Socolow, Baseload wind energy: modeling the competition between
gas turbines and compressed air energy storage for supplemental
generation, Energy Policy 35 (3) (2007) 1474–1492.
[31] A. Cavallo, Controllable and affordable utility-scale electricity from intermittent
wind resources and compressed air energy storage (caes),
Energy 32 (2) (2007) 120–127.
[32] S. Van der Linden, Bulk energy storage potential in the usa, current
developments and future prospects, Energy 31 (15) (2006) 3446–
3457.
[33] X. Luo, J. Wang, M. Dooner, J. Clarke, Overview of current development
in electrical energy storage technologies and the application
potential in power system operation, Applied Energy 137 (2015) 511–
536.
[34] S. Zunft, C. Jakiel, M. Koller, C. Bullough, Adiabatic compressed air
energy storage for the grid integration of wind power, in: Sixth International
Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power and
Transmission Networks for Offshore Windfarms, 26-28 October 2006,
Delft, the Netherlands, 2006, pp. 346–351.
[35] E. M. Helsingen, Adiabatic compressed air energy storage, Master’s
thesis, NTNU (2015).
[36] N. Hartmann, O. Vöhringer, C. Kruck, L. Eltrop, Simulation and analysis
of different adiabatic compressed air energy storage plant configurations,
Applied Energy 93 (2012) 541–548.
[37] K. Bradbury, Energy storage technology review, Duke University
(2010) 1–34.
[38] Y.-M. Kim, J.-H. Lee, S.-J. Kim, D. Favrat, Potential and evolution of
compressed air energy storage: energy and exergy analyses, Entropy
14 (8) (2012) 1501–1521.
[39] C. Bullough, C. Gatzen, C. Jakiel, M. Koller, A. Nowi, S. Zunft, Advanced
adiabatic compressed air energy storage for the integration
of wind energy, in: Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference,
EWEC, Vol. 22, 2012, p. 25.
[40] RWE Power AG, ¸ SAdele˝UAdiabatic Compressed-Air Energy Storage
for Electricity Supply,ˇT pp. 4U˝ 5, 2010. (2010).
[41] D. J. Swider, Compressed air energy storage in an electricity system
with significant wind power generation, IEEE transactions on energy conversion 22 (1) (2007) 95–102.
[42] J. D. A. Goodwin, Compressed air batteries, Energ. Gr. (2011) 2–4.
[43] J. Proczka, K. Muralidharan, D. Villela, J. Simmons, G. Frantziskonis,
Guidelines for the pressure and efficient sizing of pressure vessels
for compressed air energy storage, Energy Conversion and Management
65 (2013) 597–605.
[44] S. M. Schoenung, Characteristics and technologies for long-vs. shortterm
energy storage, United States Department of Energy.
[45] P. J. Hall, E. J. Bain, Energy-storage technologies and electricity generation,
Energy policy 36 (12) (2008) 4352–4355.
[46] J. R. Hull, T. M. Mulcahp, K. L. Uherka, R. A. Erck, R. G. Abboud,
Flywheel energy storage using superconducting magnetic bearings,
Applied superconductivity 2 (7) (1994) 449–455.
[47] A. K. Arani, H. Karami, G. Gharehpetian, M. Hejazi, Review of flywheel
energy storage systems structures and applications in power
systems and microgrids, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
69 (2017) 9–18.
[48] B. Bolund, H. Bernhoff, M. Leijon, Flywheel energy and power storage
systems, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11 (2)
(2007) 235–258.
[49] F. Rahman, S. Rehman, M. A. Abdul-Majeed, Overview of energy
storage systems for storing electricity from renewable energy sources
in saudi arabia, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (1)
(2012) 274–283.
[50] H. Liu, J. Jiang, Flywheel energy storage an upswing technology for
energy sustainability, Energy and buildings 39 (5) (2007) 599–604.
[51] M. Wang, Application of flywheel energy storage system to enhance
transient stability of power systems, Electric Power Components and
Systems 33 (4) (2005) 463–479.
[52] S. M. Lukic, J. Cao, R. C. Bansal, F. Rodriguez, A. Emadi, Energy
storage systems for automotive applications, IEEE Transactions on
industrial electronics 55 (6) (2008) 2258–2267.
[53] S. Vazquez, S. M. Lukic, E. Galvan, L. G. Franquelo, J. M. Carrasco,
Energy storage systems for transport and grid applications, IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Electronics 57 (12) (2010) 3881–3895.
[54] J. Cho, S. Jeong, Y. Kim, Commercial and research battery technologies
for electrical energy storage applications, Progress in Energy
and Combustion Science 48 (2015) 84–101.
[55] K. Divya, J. Østergaard, Battery energy storage technology for power
systems: An overview, Electric Power Systems Research 79 (4)
(2009) 511–520.
[56] K.-S. Ng, C.-S. Moo, Y.-C. Lin, Y.-C. Hsieh, Investigation on intermittent
discharging for lead-acid batteries, PESC Rec. - IEEE Annu.
Power Electron. Spec. Conf. 3839 (2008) 4683–4688.
[57] A. Poullikkas, A comparative overview of large-scale battery systems
for electricity storage, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
27 (2013) 778–788.
[58] G. M. Ehrlich, Lithium-ion batteries, Handbook of batteries (2002)
35–53.
[59] A. L. Salgado, A. M. Veloso, D. D. Pereira, G. S. Gontijo, A. Salum,
M. B. Mansur, Recovery of zinc and manganese from spent alkaline
batteries by liquid–liquid extraction with cyanex 272, Journal of Power
Sources 115 (2) (2003) 367–373.
[60] W. H. Zhu, Y. Zhu, Z. Davis, B. J. Tatarchuk, Energy efficiency and
capacity retention of ni–mh batteries for storage applications, Applied
Energy 106 (2013) 307–313.
[61] M. Fetcenko, S. Ovshinsky, B. Reichman, K. Young, C. Fierro,
J. Koch, A. Zallen, W. Mays, T. Ouchi, Recent advances in nimh battery
technology, Journal of Power Sources 165 (2) (2007) 544–551.
[62] A. Shukla, S. Venugopalan, B. Hariprakash, Nickel-based rechargeable
batteries, Journal of Power Sources 100 (1) (2001) 125–148.
[63] D. Larcher, J.-M. Tarascon, Towards greener and more sustainable
batteries for electrical energy storage, Nature chemistry 7 (1) (2015)
19–29.
[64] B. L. Ellis, L. F. Nazar, Sodium and sodium-ion energy storage batteries,
Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 16 (4)
(2012) 168–177.
[65] S. J. Kazempour, M. P. Moghaddam, M. Haghifam, G. Yousefi, Electric
energy storage systems in a market-based economy: Comparison
of emerging and traditional technologies, Renewable energy
34 (12) (2009) 2630–2639.
[66] M. Beaudin, H. Zareipour, A. Schellenberglabe, W. Rosehart, Energy
storage for mitigating the variability of renewable electricity
sources: An updated review, Energy for Sustainable Development
14 (4) (2010) 302–314.
[67] B. Scrosati, J. Garche, Lithium batteries: Status, prospects and future,
Journal of Power Sources 195 (9) (2010) 2419–2430.
[68] J. G. Kim, B. Son, S. Mukherjee, N. Schuppert, A. Bates, O. Kwon,
M. J. Choi, H. Y. Chung, S. Park, A review of lithium and non-lithium
based solid state batteries, Journal of Power Sources 282 (2015)
299–322.
[69] I. Råde, B. A. Andersson, Requirement for metals of electric vehicle
batteries, Journal of power sources 93 (1) (2001) 55–71.
[70] J. McDowall, P. Biensan, M. Broussely, Industrial lithium ion battery
safety-what are the tradeoffs?, in: Telecommunications Energy Conference,
2007. INTELEC 2007. 29th International, IEEE, 2007, pp.
701–707.
[71] M. Skyllas-Kazacos, M. Chakrabarti, S. Hajimolana, F. Mjalli,
M. Saleem, Progress in flow battery research and development, Journal
of The Electrochemical Society 158 (8) (2011) R55–R79.
[72] B. Dunn, H. Kamath, J.-M. Tarascon, Electrical energy storage for the
grid: a battery of choices, Science 334 (6058) (2011) 928–935.
[73] M. A. DeLuchi, Hydrogen vehicles: an evaluation of fuel storage,
performance, safety, environmental impacts, and cost, International
Journal of Hydrogen Energy 14 (2) (1989) 81–130.
[74] M. Momirlan, T. N. Veziroglu, The properties of hydrogen as fuel tomorrow
in sustainable energy system for a cleaner planet, International
journal of hydrogen energy 30 (7) (2005) 795–802.
[75] M. Momirlan, T. Veziroglu, Current status of hydrogen energy, Renewable
and sustainable energy reviews 6 (1) (2002) 141–179.
[76] P. Nikolaidis, A. Poullikkas, A comparative overview of hydrogen production
processes, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 67
(2017) 597–611.
[77] S. Satyapal, J. Petrovic, C. Read, G. Thomas, G. Ordaz, The us department
of energy’s national hydrogen storage project: Progress towards
meeting hydrogen-powered vehicle requirements, Catalysis today
120 (3) (2007) 246–256.
[78] D. Ross, Hydrogen storage: the major technological barrier to the
development of hydrogen fuel cell cars, Vacuum 80 (10) (2006) 1084–
1089.
[79] S. G. Chalk, J. F. Miller, Key challenges and recent progress in batteries,
fuel cells, and hydrogen storage for clean energy systems,
Journal of Power Sources 159 (1) (2006) 73–80.
[80] C. H.Wendel, Z. Gao, S. A. Barnett, R. J. Braun, Modeling and experimental
performance of an intermediate temperature reversible solid
oxide cell for high-efficiency, distributed-scale electrical energy storage,
Journal of power sources 283 (2015) 329–342.
[81] A. Khaligh, Z. Li, Battery, ultracapacitor, fuel cell, and hybrid energy
storage systems for electric, hybrid electric, fuel cell, and plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles: State of the art, IEEE transactions on Vehicular
Technology 59 (6) (2010) 2806–2814.
[82] M. Ludwig, C. Haberstroh, U. Hesse, Exergy and cost analyses of
hydrogen-based energy storage pathways for residual load management,
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40 (35) (2015)
11348–11355.
[83] J. D. Holladay, J. Hu, D. L. King, Y. Wang, An overview of hydrogen
production technologies, Catalysis today 139 (4) (2009) 244–260.
[84] M. Ball, M. Wietschel, The future of hydrogen–opportunities and challenges,
International journal of hydrogen energy 34 (2) (2009) 615–
627.
[85] J. B. Goodenough, Energy storage materials: a perspective, Energy
Storage Materials 1 (2015) 158–161.
[86] R. Shinnar, The hydrogen economy, fuel cells, and electric cars, Technology
in Society 25 (4) (2003) 455–476.
[87] J. Zheng, X. Liu, P. Xu, P. Liu, Y. Zhao, J. Yang, Development of
high pressure gaseous hydrogen storage technologies, International
Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37 (1) (2012) 1048–1057.
[88] A. Züttel, Materials for hydrogen storage, Materials today 6 (9) (2003)
24–33.
[89] B. Sakintuna, F. Lamari-Darkrim, M. Hirscher, Metal hydride materials
for solid hydrogen storage: a review, International Journal of Hydrogen
Energy 32 (9) (2007) 1121–1140.
[90] J. Kaldellis, D. Zafirakis, K. Kavadias, Techno-economic comparison
of energy storage systems for island autonomous electrical networks,
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 (2) (2009) 378–392.
[91] A. Ðukic, M. Firak, Hydrogen production using alkaline electrolyzer
and photovoltaic (pv) module, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 36 (2011)
7799–7806.
[92] A. K. Kaviani, G. Riahy, S. M. Kouhsari, Optimal design of a reliable
hydrogen-based stand-alone wind/pv generating system, considering
component outages, Renewable energy 34 (11) (2009) 2380–2390.
[93] M. Khan, M. Iqbal, Analysis of a small wind-hydrogen stand-alone
hybrid energy system, Applied Energy 86 (11) (2009) 2429–2442.
[94] A. Khalilnejad, G. Riahy, A hybrid wind-pv system performance investigation
for the purpose of maximum hydrogen production and storage
using advanced alkaline electrolyzer, Energy Conversion and Management
80 (2014) 398–406.
[95] B. Panahandeh, J. Bard, A. Outzourhit, D. Zejli, Simulation of pv–
wind-hybrid systems combined with hydrogen storage for rural electrification,
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 36 (6) (2011)
4185–4197.
[96] R. J. Mantz, H. De Battista, Hydrogen production from idle generation
capacity of wind turbines, International journal of Hydrogen energy
33 (16) (2008) 4291–4300.
[97] J. Carton, A.-G. Olabi, Wind/hydrogen hybrid systems: opportunity
for irelands wind resource to provide consistent sustainable energy
supply, Energy 35 (12) (2010) 4536–4544.
[98] F. J. Pino, L. Valverde, F. Rosa, Influence of wind turbine power curve
and electrolyzer operating temperature on hydrogen production in
wind–hydrogen systems, Journal of Power Sources 196 (9) (2011)
4418–4426.
[99] R. Sarrias-Mena, L. M. Fernández-Ramírez, C. A. García-Vázquez,
F. Jurado, Electrolyzer models for hydrogen production from wind energy
systems, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40 (7) (2015)
2927–2938.
[100] J. I. Levene, M. K. Mann, R. M. Margolis, A. Milbrandt, An analysis
of hydrogen production from renewable electricity sources, Solar Energy
81 (6) (2007) 773–780.
[101] M. ud din Mufti, S. A. Lone, S. J. Iqbal, M. Ahmad, M. Ismail, Supercapacitor
based energy storage system for improved load frequency
control, Electric Power Systems Research 79 (1) (2009) 226–233.
[102] D. Cericola, P. Ruch, R. Kötz, P. Novák, A. Wokaun, Simulation of a
supercapacitor/li-ion battery hybrid for pulsed applications, Journal of
Power Sources 195 (9) (2010) 2731–2736.
[103] A. Chu, P. Braatz, Comparison of commercial supercapacitors and
high-power lithium-ion batteries for power-assist applications in hybrid
electric vehicles: I. initial characterization, Journal of power
sources 112 (1) (2002) 236–246.
[104] J. Cao, A. Emadi, A new battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage
system for electric, hybrid, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, IEEE
Transactions on power electronics 27 (1) (2012) 122–132.
[105] H. Gualous, D. Bouquain, A. Berthon, J. Kauffmann, Experimental
study of supercapacitor serial resistance and capacitance variations
with temperature, Journal of power sources 123 (1) (2003) 86–93.
[106] N. C. Hoyt, J. S. Wainright, R. F. Savinell, Current density scaling
in electrochemical flow capacitors, Journal of The Electrochemical
Society 162 (6) (2015) A1102–A1110.
[107] W. Buckles, W. V. Hassenzahl, Superconducting magnetic energy
storage, IEEE Power Engineering Review 20 (5) (2000) 16–20.
[108] Y. e. a. Mizuguchi, Novel bis2 -based layered superconductor bi4 o4
s3, Preprint (2013) 1–13.
[109] H. Hosono, K. Tanabe, E. Takayama-Muromachi, H. Kageyama,
S. Yamanaka, H. Kumakura, M. Nohara, H. Hiramatsu, S. Fujitsu, Exploration
of new superconductors and functional materials, and fabrication
of superconducting tapes and wires of iron pnictides, Science
and Technology of Advanced Materials 16 (3) (2015) 033503.
[110] P. Turner, L. Nottale, A new ab initio approach to the development
of high temperature superconducting materials, Journal of Superconductivity
and Novel Magnetism 29 (12) (2016) 3113–3118.
[111] J. Eyer, G. Corey, Energy storage for the electricity grid: Benefits
and market potential assessment guide, Sandia National Laboratories
20 (10) (2010) 5.
[112] F. Díaz-González, A. Sumper, O. Gomis-Bellmunt, R. Villafáfila-
Robles, A review of energy storage technologies for wind power applications,
Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 16 (4) (2012)
2154–2171.
[113] J. Zhu, M. Qiu, B. Wei, H. Zhang, X. Lai, W. Yuan, Design,
dynamic simulation and construction of a hybrid hts smes (hightemperature
superconducting magnetic energy storage systems) for
chinese power grid, Energy 51 (2013) 184–192.
[114] B. Ni, C. Sourkounis, Control strategies for energy storage to smooth
power fluctuations of wind parks, in: MELECON 2010-2010 15th
IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, IEEE, 2010, pp.
973–978.
[115] J. Kaldellis, D. Zafirakis, Optimum energy storage techniques for the
improvement of renewable energy sources-based electricity generation
economic efficiency, Energy 32 (12) (2007) 2295–2305.
[116] Z. Yu, F. Haghighat, B. C. Fung, H. Yoshino, A decision tree method
for building energy demand modeling, Energy and Buildings 42 (10)
(2010) 1637–1646.
[117] G. K. Tso, K. K. Yau, A study of domestic energy usage patterns in
hong kong, Energy 28 (15) (2003) 1671–1682.
[118] Y. J. Zhang, C. Zhao, W. Tang, S. H. Low, Profit maximizing planning
and control of battery energy storage systems for primary frequency
control, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.
[119] R. Latha, S. Palanivel, J. Kanakaraj, Frequency control of microgrid
based on compressed air energy storage system, Distributed Generation
& Alternative Energy Journal 27 (4) (2012) 8–19.
[120] G. Suvire, P. Mercado, Dstatcom with flywheel energy storage system
for wind energy applications: control design and simulation, Electric
Power Systems Research 80 (3) (2010) 345–353.
[121] C. Abbey, G. Joos, Supercapacitor energy storage for wind energy
applications, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 43 (3)
(2007) 769–776.
[122] D. Jovcic, et al., High voltage direct current transmission: Converters,
systems, and dc grids, CEUR Workshop Proc. 1542 (3) (2011) 33–
36.
[123] P. Lyons, N. Wade, T. Jiang, P. Taylor, F. Hashiesh, M. Michel,
D. Miller, Design and analysis of electrical energy storage demonstration
projects on uk distribution networks, Applied Energy 137 (2015)
677–691.
[124] P. Modi, S. Singh, J. Sharma, P. Pradhan, Stability improvement
of power system by decentralized energy, Advances in Energy Research
(2006) 65–70.
[125] C. P. De Leon, A. Frías-Ferrer, J. González-García, D. Szánto, F. C.
Walsh, Redox flow cells for energy conversion, Journal of Power
Sources 160 (1) (2006) 716–732.
[126] G. Celli, F. Pilo, G. Soma, D. Dal Canto, E. Pasca, A. Quadrelli, Benefit
assessment of energy storage for distribution network voltage regulation,
in: Integration of Renewables into the Distribution Grid, CIRED
2012 Workshop, IET, 2012, pp. 1–4.
[127] A. Lahyani, P. Venet, A. Guermazi, A. Troudi, Battery/supercapacitors
combination in uninterruptible power supply (ups), IEEE transactions
on power electronics 28 (4) (2013) 1509–1522.
[128] G. K. Tso, K. K. Yau, Predicting electricity energy consumption: A
comparison of regression analysis, decision tree and neural networks,
Energy 32 (9) (2007) 1761–1768.
[129] A. Azadeh, S. Ghaderi, S. Tarverdian, M. Saberi, Integration of artificial
neural networks and genetic algorithm to predict electrical energy
consumption, Applied Mathematics and Computation 186 (2) (2007)
1731–1741.
[130] T. Kinjo, T. Senjyu, N. Urasaki, H. Fujita, Output levelling of renewable
energy by electric double-layer capacitor applied for energy storage
system, IEEE Transactions on Energy conversion 21 (1) (2006) 221–
227.
[131] M. Korpaas, A. T. Holen, R. Hildrum, Operation and sizing of energy
storage for wind power plants in a market system, International Journal
of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 25 (8) (2003) 599–606.
[132] P. Denholm, E. Ela, B. Kirby, M. Milligan, The role of energy storage
with renewable electricity generation, Contract NREL (2010) 1–53.
[133] D. Rastler, Electricity energy storage technology options: a white paper
primer on applications, costs and benefits, Electric Power Research
Institute, 2010.
[134] D.-J. Lee, L. Wang, Small-signal stability analysis of an autonomous hybrid renewable energy power generation/energy storage system
part i: Time-domain simulations, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion
23 (1) (2008) 311–320.
[135] P. Mercier, R. Cherkaoui, A. Oudalov, Optimizing a battery energy
storage system for frequency control application in an isolated power
system, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 24 (3) (2009) 1469–
1477.
[136] S. J. Kazempour, M. Hosseinpour, M. P. Moghaddam, Self-scheduling
of a joint hydro and pumped-storage plants in energy, spinning reserve
and regulation markets, in: Power & Energy Society General
Meeting, 2009. PES’09. IEEE, IEEE, 2009, pp. 1–8.
[137] B. Dursun, B. Alboyaci, The contribution of wind-hydro pumped storage
systems in meeting turkey’s electric energy demand, Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (7) (2010) 1979–1988.
[138] J. P. Torreglosa, P. Garcia, L. M. Fernandez, F. Jurado, Predictive control
for the energy management of a fuel-cell–battery–supercapacitor
tramway, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 10 (1) (2014)
276–285.
[139] S. Succar, R. H. Williams, et al., Compressed air energy storage:
theory, resources, and applications for wind power, Princeton environmental
institute report 8.
[140] M. Klafki and E. S. K. Gmbh, "Status and Technical Challenges of
Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Technology Motivation
for Large-Scale Energy Storage", pp. 1-8, 2009.
[141] L. Xing and W. Jihong, "Overview of Current Development on Compressed
Air Energy Storage" pp. 275-284, 2013.
[142] A. Kyriakopoulos, D. O’Sullivan, J. G. Hayes, J. Griffiths, M. G. Egan,
Kinetic energy storage for high reliability power supply back-up, in:
Applied Power Electronics Conference, APEC 2007-Twenty Second
Annual IEEE, IEEE, 2007, pp. 1158–1163.
[143] K. Gandhi, Storage of electrical energy, Indian Chemical Engineer
52 (1) (2010) 57–75.
[144] M. Kapsali, J. Anagnostopoulos, J. Kaldellis, Wind powered pumpedhydro
storage systems for remote islands: a complete sensitivity
analysis based on economic perspectives, Applied energy 99 (2012)
430–444.
[145] P. D. Brown, J. P. Lopes, M. A. Matos, Optimization of pumped storage
capacity in an isolated power system with large renewable penetration,
IEEE Transactions on Power systems 23 (2) (2008) 523–531.
[146] R. Dufo-López, J. L. Bernal-Agustín, J. A. Domínguez-Navarro, Generation
management using batteries in wind farms: Economical and
technical analysis for spain, Energy policy 37 (1) (2009) 126–139.
[147] M. Kapsali, J. Kaldellis, Combining hydro and variable wind power
generation by means of pumped-storage under economically viable
terms, Applied energy 87 (11) (2010) 3475–3485.
[148] S. Papaefthimiou, E. Karamanou, S. Papathanassiou, M. Papadopoulos,
Operating policies for wind-pumped storage hybrid
power stations in island grids, IET Renewable Power Generation 3 (3)
(2009) 293–307.
[149] B. P. Roberts and S. Member, "Utility Energy Storage Applications"
vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1-2, 2008.
[150] S. V. Papaefthymiou, E. G. Karamanou, S. A. Papathanassiou, M. P.
Papadopoulos, A wind-hydro-pumped storage station leading to high
res penetration in the autonomous island system of ikaria, IEEE
Transactions on Sustainable Energy 1 (3) (2010) 163–172.
[151] E. D. Castronuovo, J. A. P. Lopes, Optimal operation and hydro storage
sizing of a wind–hydro power plant, International Journal of Electrical
Power & Energy Systems 26 (10) (2004) 771–778.
[152] R. Walawalkar, J. Apt, R. Mancini, Economics of electric energy storage
for energy arbitrage and regulation in new york, Energy Policy
35 (4) (2007) 2558–2568.
[153] J. Anagnostopoulos, D. Papantonis, Simulation and size optimization
of a pumped–storage power plant for the recovery of wind-farms rejected
energy, Renewable Energy 33 (7) (2008) 1685–1694.
[154] D. Zafirakis, J. Kaldellis, Economic evaluation of the dual mode caes
solution for increased wind energy contribution in autonomous island
networks, Energy policy 37 (5) (2009) 1958–1969.
[155] P. Denholm, R. Sioshansi, The value of compressed air energy storage
with wind in transmission-constrained electric power systems,
Energy Policy 37 (8) (2009) 3149–3158.
[156] P. Denholm, R. M. Margolis, Evaluating the limits of solar photovoltaics
(pv) in electric power systems utilizing energy storage and
other enabling technologies, Energy Policy 35 (9) (2007) 4424–4433.
[157] C. for E. S. Deloitte, "Electricity Storage Technologies , impacts , and
prospects" no. September, 2015.
[158] B. Nyamdash, E. Denny, M. O’Malley, The viability of balancing wind
generation with large scale energy storage, Energy Policy 38 (11)
(2010) 7200–7208.
[159] N. J. Schenk, H. C. Moll, J. Potting, R. M. Benders, Wind energy,
electricity, and hydrogen in the netherlands, Energy 32 (10) (2007)
1960–1971.
[160] C. Bueno, J. A. Carta, Wind powered pumped hydro storage systems,
a means of increasing the penetration of renewable energy in the
canary islands, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 10 (4)
(2006) 312–340.
[161] A. O. Converse, Seasonal energy storage in a renewable energy system,
Proceedings of the IEEE 100 (2) (2012) 401–409.
[162] M. Little, M. Thomson, D. Infield, Electrical integration of renewable
energy into stand-alone power supplies incorporating hydrogen storage,
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 (10) (2007) 1582–
1588.
[163] J. Kaldellis, M. Kapsali, K. Kavadias, Energy balance analysis of
wind-based pumped hydro storage systems in remote island electrical
networks, Applied energy 87 (8) (2010) 2427–2437.
[164] F. Rafik, H. Gualous, R. Gallay, A. Crausaz, A. Berthon, Frequency,
thermal and voltage supercapacitor characterization and modeling,
Journal of power sources 165 (2) (2007) 928–934.
[165] S. Mekhilef, R. Saidur, A. Safari, Comparative study of different fuel
cell technologies, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (1)
(2012) 981–989.
[166] S. C. Smith, P. Sen, B. Kroposki, Advancement of energy storage
devices and applications in electrical power system, in: Power and
Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical
Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE, IEEE, 2008, pp. 1–8.
[167] B. Zakeri, S. Syri, Electrical energy storage systems: A comparative
life cycle cost analysis, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
42 (2015) 569–596.
[168] O. H. Anuta, P. Taylor, D. Jones, T. McEntee, N. Wade, An international
review of the implications of regulatory and electricity market
structures on the emergence of grid scale electricity storage, Renewable
and sustainable energy reviews 38 (2014) 489–508.
[169] G. Allan, I. Eromenko, M. Gilmartin, I. Kockar, P. McGregor, The economics
of distributed energy generation: A literature review, Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews 42 (2015) 543–556.
[170] A. Poullikkas, Sustainable options for electric vehicle technologies,
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 41 (2015) 1277–1287.
[171] E. Karden, S. Ploumen, B. Fricke, T. Miller, K. Snyder, Energy storage
devices for future hybrid electric vehicles, Journal of Power Sources
168 (1) (2007) 2–11.
[172] M. Farhoodnea, A. Mohamed, H. Shareef, H. Zayandehroodi, Power
quality impacts of high-penetration electric vehicle stations and renewable
energy-based generators on power distribution systems,
Measurement 46 (8) (2013) 2423–2434.
[173] M. Farhoodnea, A. Mohamed, H. Shareef, H. Zayandehroodi, Power
quality impact of renewable energy based generators and electric vehicles
on distribution systems, Procedia Technology 11 (2013) 11–17.
[174] D. B. Richardson, Electric vehicles and the electric grid: A review
of modeling approaches, impacts, and renewable energy integration,
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 19 (2013) 247–254.
[175] A. Ipakchi, F. Albuyeh, Grid of the future, IEEE power and energy
magazine 7 (2) (2009) 52–62.
[176] X. Tan, Q. Li, H. Wang, Advances and trends of energy storage technology
in microgrid, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy
Systems 44 (1) (2013) 179–191.
[177] P. Palensky, D. Dietrich, Demand side management: Demand response,
intelligent energy systems, and smart loads, IEEE transactions
on industrial informatics 7 (3) (2011) 381–388.
[178] I. Dincer, Green methods for hydrogen production, International Journal
of hydrogen energy 37 (2) (2012) 1954–1971.
[179] B. Ewan, R. Allen, A figure of merit assessment of the routes to hydrogen,
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 30 (8) (2005) 809–
819.
Published
2017-11-01
How to Cite
NIKOLAIDIS, Pavlos; POULLIKKAS, Andreas. A comparative review of electrical energy storage systems for better sustainability. Journal of Power Technologies, [S.l.], v. 97, n. 3, p. 220--245, nov. 2017. ISSN 2083-4195. Available at: <https://papers.itc.pw.edu.pl/index.php/JPT/article/view/1096>. Date accessed: 29 mar. 2024.
Section
Energy Conversion and Storage

Keywords

electricity storage; power sources; electricity markets

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Obs.: This plugin requires at least one statistics/report plugin to be enabled. If your statistics plugins provide more than one metric then please also select a main metric on the admin's site settings page and/or on the journal manager's settings pages.